NORTH AMERICA AND THEIR VERTEBRATE FAUNA. 75 



of the Cutler and adjacent formations shows them to have the same character 

 as other Permo-Carboniferous beds, but to include larger pebbles and coarser 

 fragments, indicating the proximity of at least a local source of supply in the 

 Basin Province. 



Similar deposits are found to the north in west central Colorado.^ 



Farther west the Permo-Carboniferous of the Uintah and Wasatch 

 Mquntains carries marine invertebrate Spiriferina pulchra, Myalina, Avicu- 

 lopecten, etc., so it is possible that the Red Beds bordered an open sea, which 

 extended to the west. The Permo-Carboniferous of these mountains are, 

 according to Girty, equivalent to Walcott's Permian in the Grand Canyon.'' 



Permian beds have also been determined in the Zuni Plateau of New 

 Mexico by Dutton,= which correspond in lithological character and fossils with 

 those'SetermmMisy Walcott in the Kanab Canyon and are terminated above 

 by the coarse basal, Triassic, Shinarump conglomerate. 



Darton'^ regards the Moencopie of Ward in northeastern Arizona as Per- 

 mian. Walcott ■= located Permian deposits in Kanab Canyon of northeastern 

 Arizona.' The occurrences here mentioned show the typical character of red 

 beds, and the few fossil invertebrates collected point to their Permian or 

 Permo-Carboniferous age. The beds are not described in detail, for as yet 

 no vertebrate fossils have been found in them, and the object of the present 

 chapter is only to show the probable outlines of the Basin Province.^ 



The original papers are easily accessible and the essential parts of the 

 discussion are repeated in Professional Paper No. 71, United States Geologi- 

 cal Survey, pages 479-486. 



Professor Gregory, in conversation with the author, stated that the Shina- 

 rump conglomerate does not occur east of the western edge of New Mexico 

 (Mount Taylor and Fort Wingate regions). As this is a strong and very 



" Cross, Geolog. Atlas of the United States La Plata folio (60); Silverton folio (120). 



'' Girty, U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 71, p. 485. 



" Dutton, Sixth Ann. Rpt. U. S. Geological Survey, 1885. 



<• Darton, Bull. U. S. Geological Survey, No. 435, pp. 32-36, 1910. 



" Walcott, Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d series, vol. 20, pp. 221-235, 1880. 



' Dr. Girty informs the author that a portion, at least, of Walcott's Permian has been shown to be 

 Triassic by the discovery of typical cephalopods. 



s In the summer of 1913 the author, accompanied by Mr. Emery of Yale University, discovered impres- 

 sions of a conifer in the lower part of the Moencopie, a few miles west of Fort Defiance, Arizona. These 

 specimens were submitted to Mr. David White, who gives the following report upon them: 



"The large fragment with closely placed lateral twigs belongs to another Walchia resembling the Wal- 

 chia hypnoides. It is perhaps identical with that described by Dawson as Walchia gracilis. One or two small 

 fragments in one of the loose rock pieces agrees still more closely with Walchia gracilis. These forms of 

 Walchia are characteristic of the Permian, and are present in Oklahoma and in the Wichita formation of 

 Texas." 



A few days later the author found the interclavicle of a large stegocephalian in a bed of conglomerate 

 20 feet below the base of the Shinarump conglomerate, but still well within the Shinarump formation, as it 

 is now regarded by Gregory (letter from Dr. Gregory to the author), at Tucker's Spring, about 10 miles 

 northwest of Winslow, Arizona. This interclavicle closely resembles that described by Lucas as Metoposaurus 

 fraasi from near Tanner's Crossing on the Little Colorado River. It is probably a form nearer to Anaschisma, 

 a typically Triassic form. Lucas described another fossil from near the locality where his Metoposaurus 

 was found and called it Placerias, referring it to the Cotylosauria. Broom, in conversation with the author, 

 stated his belief that this fossil belonged to the South African group, Dinocephalia. 



