I04 



THE PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS RED BEDS OF 



habitat. It is interesting here to recall to mind the feeding habit of certain 

 turtles. Anyone who has seen a turtle attempting to devour some vegetable 

 matter must have noticed how singularly awkward and almost helpless it 

 seems. The food is chewed in an aimless and ineffective way, repeatedly 

 dropped from the mouth and recovered, smeared with sand and dirt. In 

 this way a great quantity of hard material gets into the turtle's mouth adven- 

 titiously, and undoubtedly produces much wear upon the horny covering of 

 the jaws. If such habits are attributed to the diadectids and similar forms, 

 it is easily understood how the original form of the teeth would be quickly 

 and badly worn, as they commonly are in recovered specimens. 



Following are the lists of plants given by White,^ from the beds of Texas 

 and Oklahoma: 



'Preliminary List of Fossils from the Main Plant Bed (M) {in the breaks of the Lillle Wichita, 4J miles south- 

 east of Fulda) and " Castle Hollow" (H) near Fulda, Texas. 



Diplolhema sp. ? M. 

 Pecopleris arborescens, H. 

 Pecopteris hemitelioides, H, M. 

 Pecopleris densifolia ? H. 

 Pecopleris tenuinervis, M. 

 Pecopteris grandifolia, M, H? 

 Pecopteris sp., M. 

 Aphlebia sp., H. 

 Odonlopteris neuropleroides, M. 

 Odonlopteris fischerei ? M. 

 Giganlopleris americana, M, H. 

 Neuropteris cf. lindahli, H. 

 Neuropleris cordala ? M. 



Tceniopteris muUinervis, H, M. 

 Tceniopteris abnormis, M. 

 Tceniopteris coriacea? M. 

 Tceniopteris n. sp., M. 

 Annularia spicata, H. 

 Annularia? maxima, M. 

 Sphenophyllum obovatum, M. 

 Sphenophyllum ? sp., H. 

 Sigillaria sp., M. 

 Sigillariostrobus hastalus, H. 

 Cordaites cf. principalis, M. 

 Poacordaites cf. tenuifolius, M. 

 Walchia piniformis, M. 



Walchia schneideri ? H. 

 Gomphostrobus bifidus, H. 

 Gomphostrobus ? sp., M. 

 Aspidiopsis sp., M. 

 Araucarites, n. sp., M, H. 

 Carpolithes sp., H. 

 Insect wings, M. 

 Anthracosia, M. 

 Esther ia, M, H. 

 Ostracods, M, H. 

 Fish scales, M, H. 



Provisional List of Fossil Plants from Perry (P) and Eddy (E) , Oklahoma. 



Diplolhema pachyderma, E. 

 Pecopteris cyathea, P. 

 Pecopteris geinitzi, P. 

 Callipteris sp., E. 

 Gigantopteris americana, E, P. 

 Odonlopteris cf. permiensis, E. 

 Neuropteris sp., E. 



Tceniopteris muliincrvis, P, E. 

 Tceniopteris abnormis, P. 

 Tceniopteris sp., E. 

 Dolerophyllum? sp., E. 

 Equiseliles sp., E. 

 Annularia stellala, P. 

 Sphenophyllum obovatum, E. 



Sphenophyllum cf. lalifolium, 

 Sphenophyllum stoukenbergi ? 

 Sigillaria sp? P, E. 

 Walchia imbricala ? P. 

 Walchia cf. gracilis, E. 

 Araucarites sp., P, E. 

 Carpolithes, E. 



'List of Species Provisionally Identified from the Permian of Kansas: (R) Wreford limestone, west of Reece; 

 (W) shales near the Winfield formation, northeast of Washington; (B) Wellington formation south of 

 Banner; (C) Wellington formation south of Carlton; (8) Wellington formation east of Salina. 



Schizopteris cf . trichomanoides,W. 

 Pecopleris unita, W. 

 Pecopleris pinnalifida, W. 

 Pecopleris cf. geinitzi, W. 

 Pecopteris hemiteloides, W. 

 Pecopleris bucklandi? W. 

 Pecopteris polymorpha, W. 

 Scolecopteris elegans, C. 

 Cladophlebis cf. tenuis, C. 

 Callipteris conferta, W, C. 

 Callipteris subauriculata, S, C, B. 

 Callipteris cf. curreliensis, C. 

 Callipteris cf . jutieri, R. 

 Callipteris cf. goepperli, R. 

 Callipteris oxydata, S. 

 Callipteris whitei, B. 

 Callipteris lyratifolia ? S. 



Callipteris cf. scheibei, B. 

 Odonlopteris brardii, W. 

 Odonlopteris minor, W. 

 Glenopteris splendens, B, C. 

 Glenopteris lineala, B. 

 Glenopteris slerlingi, B. 

 Glenopteris lobata, C. 

 Neuropteris auriculara ? W. 

 Neuropteris odontopleroides, W. 

 Neuropteris scheuchzeri, W. (var.) 

 Neuropteris permiana, W. 

 Tceniopteris muUinervis, W. 

 Tceniopteris coriacea, B, C. 

 Tceniopteris coriacea,va.T. linearis, 



B, C. 

 Sphenophyllum obovatum, C, B. 

 Sphenophyllum ci.sloukenbergi, W. 



Sphenophyllum cf. thonii, W. 

 Sigillariostrobus hastalus, B. 

 Noeggeralhia? n. sp., B. 

 Cycadospadix ? sp., C. 

 Cordaites principalis, R. 

 Poacordaites linearis ? C. 

 Walchia piniformis, R. 

 Walchia cf. filiciformis, R. 

 PFa/cfeio sp., C. 

 Voltzia sp., C. 

 Ullmania? sp., C. 

 Schiitzia? cf. anomala, R. 

 Araucarites sp., C. 

 Rhabdocarpis, n. sp., R. 

 Carpolithes sp., S, B. 



There is little in this list that appears attractive as a vegetable food-supply. 



If we search for a possible supply of animal food other than the vertebrate 



fauna itself, we are confronted by a rather complex problem. The beds in 



" White, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, pp. 493-516, 1912. 



