872 YEARBOOK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
When ornamental trees become diseased they had better be cut 
down at once and, if practicable, large trees of other species moved 
in to take their places. In expert hands the moving of large trees 
is a perfectly practicable and successful procedure and, although 
more expensive, is much more satisfactory than waiting for nursery 
trees to grow. 
ADVICE TO OWNERS OF CHESTNUT WOODLAND. 
Owners of chestnut woodland that is thoroughly infected are ad- 
vised to convert their trees into lumber as soon as possible. The 
trees which are not already killed will soon die in any case, and the 
timber rapidly deteriorates in quality. Such trees are a continual 
source of infection. 
Owners of chestnut woodland outside the area of general infection 
are counseled to watch for the first appearance of the disease and 
when it appears to cut down immediately all affected trees, bark them, 
and burn the bark and brush, over the stump if practicable. Such 
procedure will distinctly retard the spread of the disease in that 
particular woodland, even if no concerted efforts at elimination are 
made by neighboring owners or by the State. ; 
It is almost needless to add that with the present outlook chestnut 
woodland is a poor investment. Furthermore, in forest management, 
as in improvement cuttings, etc., there should be discrimination 
against the chestnut. 
THE OUTLOOK. 
Disease is expected in cultivated plants, grown as they are under 
unnatural conditions and usually in a strange environment; but a 
fungous disease as serious as this, attacking a hardy native tree over 
hundreds of square miles in the heart of its natural range, is, so far 
as known, without precedent. It is, then, idle to attempt to proph- 
esy what will be the future course of the disease. But whatever 
the outcome is, we may be sure that the results of the study of 
this disease will in the end justify all present efforts. We may be 
certain that this is not the last devastating disease of forest trees to 
appear, and in the future we shall need all the knowledge and experi- 
ence that can be gained from this malady. With the increase in 
the value of timber and with the rapid development of intensive 
forestry, methods now impracticable for controlling tree diseases 
will come into regular use, and the practicable methods of the future 
can only be developed by years of scientific research and field experi- 
ence on a large scale. 
