8 CHESTNUT TREE BLIGHT. 
surface. On the edge of the affected area in the growing season 
there is a ring of greenish, yellowish, or bright yellow excrescences 
which resemble horns and are very pupae so that in young 
trees the disease is easily detected even before the branches wilt. In 
very dry weather, however, these horns may be nearly or entirely 
suppressed. Where the bark is thick, as on large trees, it is not 
changed in appearance, but the brownish knobs of the fruiting bodies 
show in the cracks, and the bark sounds hollow when struck. 
On account of its rapid action in killing or wilting small branches, 
the disease can not remain long undetected if the trees are under 
inspection. At the end of a single year the disease has usually made 
its presence conspicuous by a large number of dead and dying trees. 
LocaLities AFFECTED. 
In 1905 the disease had already spread over a considerable area 
around New York City, where it apparently originated. In the 
present year it is spreading rapidly in a westerly direction over 
northern New Jersey, where in Morris County large tracts have 
recently been attacked. New York City is about the center of the 
infected area. Last year the chestnut tracts in Westchester and 
Nassau Counties in New York, Fairfield County in Connecticut, and 
Bergen County in New Jersey were severely attacked, and now Morris 
Essex, and Monmouth Counties, N. J., can be added. 
In Connecticut the disease is very severe at Stamford. It has been 
found near Danbury and Waterbury, and is known to extend along 
the coast to New London. It is also reported in southeastern Massa- 
chusetts and as far north as Wellesley. 
On Long Island it is common in the western part and along the 
northern shore to Huntington. It is likely that it occurs on the 
island wherever there is chestnut, although it has not yet been 
reported from the easternend. It extends up the Hudson to Pough- 
keepsie, and across the river to the west; it has been found, though 
not in great abundance, at Turner and Warwick, and has been 
reported at Marlborough. Near the Connecticut line it occurs as 
far north as Pawling and is very destructive from Katonah all the 
way southward to New York City. 
n New Jersey the disease is very abundant in the northern and 
eastern parts, particularly near the coast in Bergen, Essex, and 
Monmouth Counties. Southward. it is found along the Delaware 
River to Trenton, and abundantly along the coast near Chapel Hill 
and Eatontown in the northern part of Monmouth County. Recently 
a belt around Morristown ind German Valley has become badly 
infected, and the disease has been discovered in wild trees at Newark 
and_ Fenton, Del., and at various points near Philadelphia, Pa. 
In Pennsylvania it is nowhere abundant yet, although it exists at 
Easton, South Bethlehem, and Morrisville, and is reported as far 
north as the Pocono Mountains and as far south now as Philadel- 
phia. It has also been found near Baltimore, Md., and it Bedford 
County, Va. 
The range at present, then, includes eight States: Connecticut, 
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, 
and Massachusetts. Pennsylvania, so far as known, is not infected 
to any great extent, except in the eastern border, while Massachu- 
setts, Maryland, and Virginia are touched only at one or two points. 
