414 Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. II, No. 6 
Tante I.—Results of tests of birds Nos. 1 to 36 as fungus carriers as shown by cul- 
tures—Continued 
SUMMARY 
Maximum 
Number | number o 
afb ei Number | ©2ttving | spores o} 
Kind of bird. Endothia | Endothia 
ae tested. parasitica | parasitica 
spores. | carried by 
single bird. 
e 
1 | Black-and-white creeper. .....-----202-20-0eeee eee eeeeee ener ee 7 ° 5 
2 | Brown creeper......---.-- wae cree settee 2 I 254,019 
3 | Downy woodpecker..... 16 13 787) 074 
4| Flicker.........-.--.+-+ I ° ° 
5 | Golden-crowned kinglet i I 6, 566 
6 | Hairy woodpecker.... 3 ° ° 
7 | Junco.......-..------- vee 2 I To, 000 
8 | White-breasted nuthatch. . eee eee rere rere ey 2 I 5,655 
9 | Sapsucker... ....--- se ee eee cree eee e eect eee e ees, ep rtttecereees 2 2 7,502 
SD Ot all esis csstaivisin die orctalericiaieicintniaictardia cisiomamiialnaceiacieatnaareisic 36 IQ) [sceewiewiewiee 
RELATION OF RAINFALL TO BIRDS AS CARRIERS OF THE CHESTNUT- 
BLIGHT FUNGUS 
The highest positive results were invariably obtained soon after a 
period of heavy rainfall, generally one extending over several days. (See 
Table II.) During the time covered by our tests there were four such 
rains. (See Table III.) Birds shot from two to four days after each 
period were found to be carrying the highest numbers of spores of 
Endothia parasitica. Some of the birds shot at other times were also found 
to be carrying spores of the chestnut-blight fungus, but in much smaller 
numbers. This relation between the high number of spores and the 
periods of rainfall is explained by the fact that the pycnospores of the 
chestnut-blight fungus are produced in large numbers during and after 
rains and are washed down the trunks of the trees (4). This is explained 
more in detail later. 
TABLE II.—Rainfall related to birds as carriers of the chesinut-blight fungus 
Rainfall in inches. Number | Number 
ne Lacallts y where Date Es hae of coibed 
o! tS) ; othia | spores no 
Date. |. West | pate, | Martie |bird.| (Pennsylvania). | Milled. | parasitica | Endothia 
" |Chester, Pa. * | Forge, Pa. spores. | parasitica. 
F 3913 1913 1913. 
Fe, a es \Feb. 22 0-09 2 | Martic Forge...... Feb. ar ° 156, 600 
Feb. 27 78 | Feb. 27 36 Be leiaretd Os axssisnaraiesy Feb. 28 ° 80, 000 
efalptetoeddeaaaa llanointea sstresersieys Mar. 5 -02 4 |.....do............] Feb. 28 10, 000 115,000 
Mar. 9 OSs Veicesscrdsioresevei| aiid rorcennonioand BT iaratarsra Oss crores: Mar. 10 30,000 612, 500 
Mar. 10 +53 (Mar. a a \ 6 | West Chester...... Mar. 19 739333 100, 000 
Mar. 33 
lag as 1-38 | Mar. x5 +92 @ lesen BO es creeeereniog Mar. x19 109,022 64, 626 
average ivtereia mi] Sie wie eaiateieresaieTa | encauerea tats ace |aioras ieee 8 |.....do............] Mar. 6, 
Mar. ar ~ 1-64 | Mar. at 62 fi casa pas 
Mar. 26 1-18 | Mar. 26 3°47 9 | Martic Forge...... Mar. 24 ° 60, 000 
WE BF Neustwhw wana |eicenae eG lek eG van deacwcain 
yas vavefere seeneeoalecunesscnsfocasccenneee| ZO [eres sdOsseseeceees| Mar. 
Mar. 30 230 \ta 4 a9 | 757,074 55,090 
Mar. 31 ae Te. 31 +04 BL |ecociex Dreier te Mar. 31 15,625 246, 875 
