ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND RELATED SPECIES. 5 
the typical perithecia with necks, whereas no perithecia have been 
found in any of Schweinitz’s specimens of S. gyrosa examined by 
the writers. Fries, in common with Schweinitz, regarded the pyc- 
nidial cavities of S. gyrosa as perithecia. When the pycnidia of 8. 
gyrosa are mistaken for perithecia and compared with the real 
perithecia of S. radicalis the differences appear marked. It was 
therefore quite as natural for Fries to place the two species in 
different genera as it had been for Schweinitz to place them in dif- 
ferent tribes of the genus Sphaeria. Fries’s mistake in describing 
as perithecia the pycnidial cavities in the stroma of S. GJYPOSA eX- 
plains his reference to the asci as “ascis diffluentibus.” Believing 
that he had perithecia but finding no asci, he interpreted this as 
indicating that they had disappeared. 
According to the plan of accepting only names originally applied 
to the ascospore stage, this name would be invalid, as proposed by 
Fries, and would be attributed to De Notaris, who placed the peri- 
thecial form of Sphaeria fadicalis Schw. in the genus and described 
the ascospores. There is not the slightest question, however, in 
regard to the identity of the different stages of this fungus and 
their genetic connection, and the name Endothia has been almost 
invariably applied to these two species in both stages. 
SYNONYMY. 
There are only two true generic synonyms of Endothia: En- 
dothiella Saccardo, 1906 (71, p. 278) and Calopactis H. and P. 
Sydow, 1913 (81, p. 82). Endothiella was based on Endothiella 
gyrosa Sacc., which, according to authentic specimens from Saccardo, 
is undoubtedly the pycnidial form of E'ndothia fluens as found in 
Italy. Calopactis was based on C. singularis, the pycnidial condi- 
tion of Endothia singularis (H. and P. Syd.) S. and 8S. Ascospore 
cultures of this have not yet produced any pycnidia, but the proof 
of the genetic connection of the two stages appears rather con- 
clusive from the occurrence of pycnidia and perithecia in the same 
stroma, as shown in Plate XII. Perithecial stromata and ascospores 
were also found in the specimen of the Sydow exsiccati in the Patho- 
logical and Mycological Collections of the Bureau of Plant Industry. 
Von Héhnel (43, p. 1479-1481) considers Cryphonectria Sacc. as a 
synonym of Endothia, taking C. gyrosa (B. and Br.) as the type of 
that genus because it is the first species listed by Saccardo in con- 
nection with his description of the genus. Saccardo, however, had 
previously established Cryphonectria as a subgenus, with C. abscon- 
dita as the type, which is not an Endothia. Valsonectria is also con- 
sidered by Von Hohnel a synonym of Endothia, but apparently he had 
not compared specimens of Spegazzini’s fungus, which is found upon 
examination of the type species to be separate from Endothia. The 
