6 BULLETIN 380, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Tulasnes (83, p. 87-89) do not appear to have regarded Endothia as 
distinct from Melogramma, to which they referred EZ’. gyrosa. The 
type of Melogramma, however, is I. melogramma. (Bull.), which has 
a somewhat similar stroma, but the ascospores are 3-septate and dark 
colored and the perithecia not separable from the stroma, while the 
pycnospores are long, slender, and curved. 
STUDY OF EARLY COLLECTIONS AND TYPES. 
There has always been more or less uncertainty in regard to the 
identity of the older species of this genus of fungi. In order to get 
more light on this subject, a thorough study of all the available ma- 
terial in the way of literature, type specimens, and manuscripts was 
made. The first species to be described in this country was Sphaeria 
gyrosa Schw. This was collected by Schweinitz at Salem, N..C., and 
published in 1822 (72, p. 3).1_ Two hosts were given in the original 
description, Fagus and Juglans. : 
As Schweinitz’s description was prepared before the advent of 
careful microscopical studies and spore measurements, it is impossible 
to identify the organism satisfactorily from the original description. 
It was, therefore, important, if possible, to locate the type specimens 
upon which the description was based. Schweinitz’s herbarium was 
left at his death, in 1834, to the Philadelphia Academy of Science. 
His specimens of fungi at the time they were transferred to the acad- 
emy were contained in small, folded paper packets, as shown in Plates 
V and VI. These packets were then inclosed in other heavy paper 
wrappers, folded to small quarto size, and three or four of these large 
packets, each bearing a manuscript list of the species contained, were 
then inclosed in quarto pasteboard covers, tied with tape. The in- 
dividual species packets were labeled in Schweinitz’s handwriting, 
with the name of the species and the locality of the collection, as 
shown in Plate V, figure 2. . 
These species packets frequently bore the names of several locali- 
ties, but usually two, Salem [N. C.] and Bethlehem [Pa.], as most of 
his collecting was done at these places. This fact, in addition to the 
evidence afforded by the specimens in the packets, clearly indicates 
Schweinitz’s method of handling his specimens. 
Frequently some of the specimens in a packet show the remains of 
a gummed strip. This will be noticed in Plate III, which indicates 
124, Sphaeria gyrosa Sz. 
8. subperipherica minor gregaria subconfluens aurantio miniata, sphaerulis gyrosis fare- 
tis demum prominulis pulverulentis, stromate lutescenta. ss 
In cortice nondum corrupto etiam vivo Fagorum et Iuglandum. Junior planiuscula, ubi 
adolevit sistit corpus subrotundum, tuberculis minimis et magoribus asperum et gyrosum. 
Sphaerulae farctae, teretes, supra gyrosae, paucae, radiatim divergentes a superficie ad 
centrum fere stromatis continuantur, primum sublantes, demum prominulae, cortice pul- 
verulento; ipsum tamen centrum farinacea carne componitur. Gelatina asciphora albet. 
Ostiola indistincta.—Transitum facit ad Sphaerias septimae divisionis. 
