12 BULLETIN 380, U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
shows only pycnidia. (See Pl. V, fig. 2.) His description, how- 
ever, as well as his unpublished illustrations preserved in the library 
of the Academy, show clearly that perithecia were present in the 
material from which the description was made. This is also con- 
clusively shown by authentic specimens from Schweinitz in at least 
two European collections, those of Fries at Upsala and Hooker at 
Kew. A microscopic examination of these specimens shows good 
perithecia and mature ascospores having the characters and meas- 
urements given elsewhere in this paper for Endothia fluens (Sow.). 
- (See Pl. XVII, fig. 9.) As there is no indication in Schweinitz’s 
writings or in his manuscript notes and records that he made more 
than one collection of this species, there is no reason to doubt that 
the material at Upsala and Kew is a part of that upon which he 
based his description of Sphaeria radicalis Schw. The true type 
specimen of the species is that in Fries’s herbarium upon which he 
based his description, which was added to the diagnosis sent by 
Schweinitz. 
One year after the description of this species from America it 
was reported from Italy by Rudolph, in 1829 (66, p. 393), and in 
1830 Fries (32, p. 541) himself reports the fungus from France. 
This species had, however, been collected and described before 
in its pyenidial condition in 1814 by Sowerby (79, pl. 438) under 
the name of Sphaeria fluens. This was reported in 1836 by Berkeley 
(8, p. 254) as Sphaeria gyrosa Schw. A microscopic study of the 
original material of this species, which was collected by Charles 
Lyell on chestnut in the New Forest in southern England and is 
now preserved in the Kew Herbarium, leaves no doubt that it is 
the pycnidial form of Endothia radicalis (Schw.). Plate XVII, fig- 
ure 8, shows pycnospores from Sowerby’s specimen at Kew. This 
specimen agrees with Sowerby’s illustration and is apparently the 
one from which this figure was made. The pycnospore masses 
are somewhat larger than usual; otherwise it is typical of Z. radi- 
calis Schw. 
At first it did not seem possible to distinguish the species of 
Endothia in their pycnidial condition, but thorough microscopic 
studies of large quantities of material in the field and laboratory in 
both America and Europe have shown that the two sections of the 
genus and some of the species can usually be separated with cer- 
tainty in this stage of their development, as indicated by the tables 
of measurements and in the photographs of pycnospores, and es- 
pecially by the stromata of the different species. 
The first description of the ascospores of E. radicalis was given 
in 1858 by Currey (21, p. 272), who examined the specimens from 
Schweinitz in Hooker’s herbarium at Kew. Currey figured what 
he believed to be four ascospores. Two are apparently typical 2. 
