ENDOTHIA PARASTTICA AND RELATED SPECIES, 13 
fiuens; the other two are more than 1-septate and belong to some 
other organism. Cesati and De Notaris, in 1863 (11), first definitely 
referred Sphaeria radicalis Schw. to Endothia. Up to this time 
Sphaeria gyrosa and Sphaeria radicalis were generally regarded by 
mycologists as separate species and were placed by Schweinitz and 
Fries in different groups of the genus Sphaeria, though they both 
mention a similarity in external appearances. 
In 1863 the Tulasnes, in their epoch-making work on the fungi 
(83, pp. 87-89), made a careful microscopic study of the specimens 
from Schweinitz preserved in the Paris Museum and also specimens 
received from De Notaris, Berkeley, and other collectors. At that 
time no ascospores of Sphacria gyrosa had apparently been described 
hy mycologists. The material of S. gyrosa from Schweinitz which 
the Tulasnes found in the Paris Museum included the specimen on 
Fagus which had been sent by Schweinitz to Brongniart. There 
seems to be no evidence that the Tulasnes examined other specimens 
from Schweinitz or that they examined any specimens showing asco- 
spores of the true Sphaeria gyrosa. This is indicated by their de- 
scription and measurements of the ascospores. From their studies of 
Schweinitz’s specimens and from other Carolina specimens sent them 
by Berkeley they concluded that Sphaeria gyrosa and Sphaeria radi- 
calis are the same species and called it Melogramma gyrosum. 
Fries (33, pp. 385-886) had earlier (1849) reported Sphaeria gyrosa 
as occurring in southern Europe. This report was apparently based 
upon specimens of pycnidial stromata of £. flwens, somewhat larger 
and more irregular in shape than usual, collected in western France 
by Guepin and Levieux and already referred to. 
The statement of the Tulasnes (83, pp. 84-89) in regard to the 
identity of these species was accepted by practically all mycologists 
down to 1912, when. the discussion in regard to the origin and 
relationships of Endothia parasitica commenced. Ellis and Ever- 
hart in 1892 (26, p. 552) apparently figured the true 2. gyrosa Schw. 
but cited exsiccati of both F. gyrosa and E. fluens and gave the 
ascospore characters and measurements of 2. jflvens, apparently 
copied from Winter (85, p. 803), as the spores figured do not agree 
with the description. 
THE SPECIES OF ENDOTHIA. 
ENDOTHIA Fries, 1849, Sum. Veg. Scand., p. 385.1 
SyNoNYMS: : 
Endothiella Sacc., 1906, in Ann. Mycol., v. 4, no. 3, p. 273. Type species, 
E. gyrosa Sace., 1 ¢. 
Calopactis H. and P. Syd., 1912, in Ann. Mycol. v. 10, no. 1, p. 82. Type 
species, O. singularis, 1 c. 
+ All references to literature in synonymy are given in full in “ Literature cited,” p. 77%, 
