14 BULLETIN 380, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Stromata subcorticular in origin, variable in size and shape, 
pustular to subspherical, subcoriaceous to friable, sometimes con- 
fluent, surface light auburn * or chestnut to mahogany red, capucine 
vellow or cadmium orange to scarlet within; pycnidial and peri- 
thecial stromata the same or similar; pycnidia few to numerous, con- 
sisting of simple cavities or complex and irregular chambers; 
pycnospores minute, simple, bacilliform to oblong, yellowish to 
reddish in mass; perithecia deeply immersed, in one or more irregu- 
lar layers, usually black when mature, with long necks, black 
within, colored like the stroma without; asci clavate to oblong fusoid, 
8-spored, usually without paraphyses; ascospores oblong fusoid or 
subellipsoid to cylindric or allantoid cylindric, uniseptate or non- 
septate, hyaline to pale yellowish. 
Section 1—Ascospores short cylindric to allantoid, continuous or 
pseudoseptate. 
ENDOTHIA GYROSA (Schw.) Fries, 1849, Sum. Veg. Scand., p. 385. Dp. p. 
SYNONYMS: 
Pycnidia: Sphaeria gyrosa Schw., 1822, Syn. Fung. Car. Sup., p. 29, no. 24, 
Peziza flammea Schw. (not. Alb. and Schw.), 1822, Syn. Fung. Car. Sup., 
p. 93, no. 41, p. p. ad Liquidambar. 
Sphaeria gyrosa Fries, 1822, Syst. Mycol., v. 2, p. 419. 
Peziza gyrosa Spreng., 1827, Syst. Veg., v. 4, pars. 1, p. 515. 
Peziza cinnabarina Schw., 1832, Syn. Fung. Am. Bor., p. -173. 
Melogramma gyrosum, L. R. and C. Tul, 1863, Selecta Fung. Carpol., t. 2, 
p. 87. p. p. min. 
Melogramma gyrosum M. A. Curtis, 1867, Cat. Indig. Nat. Plants, p. 148. 
Endothia gyrosum (Tul) Fekl., 1869, Symb. Mycol., p. 226. 
Melogramma gyrosum Tul. Rav., 1879, Fung. Amer. Bxs., no. 352. 
Lachnella cinnabarina Sacc., 1889, Syll. Fung., v. 8, p. 399. 
Perithecia: Sphacria gyrosa Schw., Rav., 1852, Fung. Car. Exs., no, 49. 
Melogramma gyrosum Tul., Cooke, 1878, in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., v. 1, no. 
5/6, p. 185. 
Endothia gyrosa Fckl., Sacc., 1882, Syll. Fung., v. 1, p. 601. p. p. min. 
_Endothia gyrosa Schw., Ell. and Ev., 1887, No. Amer. Fung. Exs., no. 1956. 
Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) Ell. and Ev., 1892, No. Amer. Pyren., p. 552, p. p. 
Endothia radicalis (Schw.) Farl., Clint., 1912, in Science, n. s., v. 36, no. 
939, p. 908. 
Endothia radicalis (Schw.) Shear, 1912, in Phytopathology, v. 2, no. 5, p. 
211. 
Endothia radicalis (Schw.) Fries, P. J. and H. W. And., 1912, in Phyto- 
pathology, v. 2, no. 5, p. 210. 
TYPE SPECIMEN.—The type in Herb. Schw. is wanting. A cotype is in Herb. 
Museum of Paris. 
Pyenipia.—Stromata corticular or subcorticular, pulvinate to tubercular, 
rugulose, scattered or gregarious, occasionally confluent, 1.5 to 8 mm. in diame- 
ter by 1.5 to 2 mm. high, orange chrome when young to chestnut when mature, 
1In the following descriptions of cultures and elsewhere throughout this paper, the 
names of colors are taken from Ridgway’s recent work on color nomenclature (64). 
