ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND RELATED SPECIES. 15 
becoming almost black when old and weathered, cadmium orange within; 
pyenidia consisting of numerous irregular labyrinthiform chambers in the 
stroma, separated by walls of varying thickness and opening by irregular pores 
in the surface of the stroma; sporophores cylindric or slightly tapering toward 
the apex, 6 to 9 w long; pycnospores oblong, straight or sometimes slightly 
curved, appearing hyaline when separate, warm buff to ochraceous buff or 
darker, according to mass and moisture content, 3 to 4 by 1.5 to 2 p. a 
PERITHECIA.—Stromata the same or similar to those producing pycnidia ; 
perithecia dark, membranous, few to many, mostly 25 to 50, usually arising 
in the lower portion of the stroma, 150 to 300 » in diameter, very irregularly 
arranged in one to several layers, prolonged into slender necks which penetrate 
the stroma above and sometimes protrude somewhat, terminating in a short 
conical ostiole; asci oblong fusoid or subclavate, very short stipitate, 25 to 30 
by 6 to 7 »; ascospores irregtlarly biseriate, cylindric to allantoid, 7 to 11 by 
2 to 8 », mostly 7.5 to 10 by 2 to 2.5 un, hyaline when separate, slightly yellowish 
in mass, with a very thin gelantinous envelope when mature. 
CULTURAL CHARACTERS.—Cultures one month old on white corn meal show an 
abundant thick growth of mycelium producing irregular tubercular masses 
resembling pycnidial stromata, but without spores. The surface color is 
capucine buff. The medium usually changes to perilla purple. It is distin- 
guished from FH. singularis, its nearest relative, by its more rapid growth and 
the formation of the large tubercular masses. 
Hosts.—Exposed roots and branches: Quercus alba, Q. coccinea, Q. falcata, Q. 
georgiana, Q. ilicifolia, Q. imbricaria, Q. marylandica, Q. nigra, Q. phellos, Q. 
prinus, Q. rubra, Q. velutina, Q. virginiana, Liquidambar styracifiua, Fagus 
americana and F. sylvatica cult. vars., Castanea dentata and cult. vars., and 
Vitis sp. (25). 
A specimen of this species collected by Ravenel has the host given as maple 
(Acer), but microscopic examination shows it to be Liquidambar. 
Typr LocaLiry.—Salem, N. C. 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.—Southwestern Connecticut to central Michigan, 
southward to Florida and Texas; also Kansas and California. 
ILLUSTRATIONS.—BIL. and Eyv., 1892, No. Amer. Pyren., pl. 36, fig. 68; Clint. 
1918, in Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rpt., 1911, 1912, pl. 28, fig. a, d, and g. 
Exsrccatt.—Pycnidia: Baker, Pl. Pac. slope, 722, on Quercus agrifolia; Rav. 
Fung. Amer., 352, on Quercus. Perithecia: Ell. and Ev. No. Amer. Fung., 1956, 
on Quercus; Rav. Fung. Car., 49, on Quercus and Liquidambar. 
ENDOTHIA SINGULARIS (H. and P. Syd.) S. and S. nov. comb. 
SyNonyMs: : 
Pycnidia: Calopactis singularis H. and P. Syd., 1912, in Ann. Mycol., vol. 10, 
no. 1, p. 82. 
Endothia gyrosa Ell. and Ev., in Herb. N. ¥Y. Bot. Gard. ; 
Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) Fckl. Whnel, 1913, in Sitzber, K. Akad. Wiss. 
[Vienna], Math. Naturw. Kl, Abt. 1, Bd. 122, Heft 2, p. 298. 
Typ sPECIMEN.—H. and P. Syd., Fung. Exot, no. 88, on Q. gambellii. 
Pycnw1a.—Stromata corticular, erumpent, depressed globose, sometimes ir- 
regular, scattered, or gregarious, 3 to 5 mm. wide by 2 to 4 mm. high, outer wall 
thick, coriaceous, becoming brittle, mahogany red without, scarlet within; pyc- 
nidia consisting of innumerable nearly spherical cavities throughout the stroma, 
25 to 85 » in diameter, the walls disintegrating into a powdery mass and the 
whole set free by the irregular rupture of the stroma wall, usually leaving a cup- 
like basal portion attached to the bark; sporophores, according to the Sydows, 
