ENDOTHIA PARASITICA,AND RELATED SPECIES. 17 
SynonymMs—Continued. 
Perithecia—Continued. 
Sphaeria radicalis Schw., 1882, Fun. Am. Bor., p. 197. 
Sphaeria radicalis Schw., Mont., 1834, in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. s. 2, t. 1, 
p. 295. 
Sphaeria (Diatrype) radicalis Fries, Currey, 1858, in Trans. Linn. Soc. 
London, v. 22, pt. 8, p. 272, pl. 47, fig. 89. p. p. 
Valsa radicalis Ces. and De Not., 1863, in Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital. v. 1, 
p. 207. 
Endothia radicatis.(Schw.) Ces. and De Not., 1863, in Comm. Soc. Crittog. 
Ital., v. 1, opp. p. 240. 
Melogramma gyrosum L. R. and C. Tul, 1863, Selecta Fung. Carpol., t. 2, 
p. 87. p. p. max. 
Sphaeria (Diatrype) radicalis Schw., Currey, 1865, in Trans. Linn. Soc. 
London, v. 25, pt. 2, p. 244. 
Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) Fekl., Sace., 1882, Syll. Fung., v. 1, p. 601. p. p. 
Endothia gyrosa var. rostellata Sacc., 1882, Syll. Fung., v. 1, p. 602. 
Endothia radicalis (Schw.) Wint., 1887, Pilze, p. 803. 
Endothia gyrosa Schw., Ell. and Ev., 1892, No. Amer. Pyren., p. 552. p. p. 
Endothia virginiana P. J. and. H. W. And., 1912, in Phytopathology, v. 2, 
no. 6, p. 261. 
Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) Fries, Clint., 1918, in Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rpt., 
_ 1911-12, p. 425. 
Endothia pseudoradicalis Petri, 1918, in Atti R. Accad. Lincei Rend. Cl. 
Sci. Fis., Mat. e Nat., s. 5, v. 22, sem. 1, fase. 9, p. 654. 
Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) Fckl., Héhnel, 1913, in Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. 
[Vienna], Math. Naturw. Kl., Abt. 1, Bd. 122, Heft 2, p. 298. 
TYPE SPECIMEN.—Sowerby in Herb. Kew. on Castanea sativa, New Forest, 
England. Coll. C. Lyell, Apr. 15, 1809. 
Pycnipra.—Stromata corticular or subcorticular, truncate conical to pulvi- 
nate, usually separate and gregarious, but frequently confluent, 0.75 to 3 mm. 
in diameter by 0.5 to 2.5 mm. high, compact, varying from light auburn to 
chestnut on the surface and capucine yellow to cadmium orange within; 
pycnidia consisting of simple or more or less complex and irregular chambers 
in the stroma, opening by an irregular pore or slit at the apex of the stroma; 
sporophores usually simple, sometimes branched near the base, cylindric to 
subclavate, 10 to 18 » long, sometimes 24 to 30; pycnospores oblong to rod- 
like, pale yellowish in mass, 8 to 5 by 1.5 to 2 w, mostly 3.5 to 4 by 24. U~ 
PERITHECIA.—Stromata the same or similar to those producing pycnidia; 
perithecia membranous, few to many, mostly 15 to 25, 300 to 400 w in diameter, 
usually arising in the lower portion of the stroma, irregularly arranged in one 
to three layers, prolonged into slender necks which penetrate the stroma above 
and protrude usually from 300 to 600 u, terminating in conical ostioles; asci 
oblong fusoid or subclavate, very short stipitate, 30 to 40 by 6 to 8 uw, mostly 
30 to-35 by 7 uw, ascospores irregularly biseriate, oblong fusoid or subellipsoid, 
not constricted at the septum, hyaline with a thin gelatinous envelope, 6 to 10 
by 3 to 4.5 wu, mostly 6.5 to 9 by 3 to 4 u. 
CULTURAL CHARACTERS.—Cultures one month old on white corn meal show a 
compact growth with a nearly smooth surface. The color ranges from light 
cadmium to empire yellow, and the medium becomes perilla purple. Pycnidia 
and spores usually appear a little later, forming large erumpent stromata 
which extrude thick masses of pycnospores. The light mycelium with large 
48737°—Bull. 880—17——2 
