18 BULLETIN 380, U. S. DEPARBTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
pyenidial stromata and spore masses are distinguishing characters on this 
medium. © 
Hosts.—America: Exposed roots and branches of Q. alba, Q. coccinea, Q. 
marylandica, Q. prinus, Q. rubra, Q. velutina, and Castanea dentata. Europe: 
Specimens examined, Quercus pedunculata, Castanea sativa, Alnus glutinosa, 
Ulmus campestris, Carpinus betula, and Corylus sp. Japan: Castanea sp. and 
Pasania sp. It is also reported on Aesculus, Fagus, and Juglans by Traverso. 
Type LOcALITY.—New Forest, England. 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.—America: Southern Pennsylvania and Ohio to 
South Carolina and northern Mississippi. Europe: Southern England, France, 
South Germany, and Switzerland to southern Italy and Transcaucasia. Asia: 
Japan. 
ILLusTRATIONS.—Sowerby, 1814, Col. Fig. Engl. Fungi, Sup., pl. 438; Currey, 
1858, in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22, pt. 8, pl. 47, fig. 89 (2 upper spores) ; 
Ces. and De Not., 1863, in Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital., pl. 3; Sace., 1873, in Atti 
Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. Nat. Padova, v. 2, fase. 1, pl. 14, fig. 63-65; Sacc., 1883, 
Gen. Pyren., pl. 6, fig. 6; Ruhl, 1900, in Hedwigia, Bd. 39, pl. 2, fig. 10; Trav., 
1906, in Soc. Bot. Ital. Fl. Ital. Cript., pars 1, v. 2, fase. 1, p. 180, fig. 34; P. J. 
and H. W. And., 1918, in Penn. Chestnut Tree Blight Com. Bul. 4, p. 22, fig. 2, 
A and C; Clint., 1913, in Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rpt., 1911-12, pl. 28, fig. b, e, 
h, and j; Petri, 1918, in Atti R. Accad. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis., Mat. e Nat., 
v. 22, sem. 1, fase. 9, p. 656, fig. 1-3. 
Exsiccati.—Pycnidia: Thiim. Myc. Univ., 769, on Castanea; Sace. Myc. Ven., 
670, on Carpinus betula; Sacc. Myce. Ven., 929, on Castanea. Perithecia: Fckl. 
Fun. Nass., 640, on Ulmus campestris; Erb. Critt. Ital., 986, on Castanea; Rab. 
Herb. Viv. Myc., 254, on Castanea. 
Roum. Fun. Sel. Gal., 989, labeled Endothia gyrosa Schw. on beech is appar- 
ently young Hypozylon coccineum. 
The most important synonyms given here have already been dis- 
cussed. Of the others the writers have examined the types or col- 
lections upon which the identifications were based. All the material 
of Endothia in the herbaria of Cesati, De Notaris, Fuckel, and 
Berkeley, as well as other smaller collections, has been carefully 
studied. £. virginiana And. and And. has been studied in cultures, 
as well as typical specimens from the authors of the species, and 
agrees in every particular with £. fluens. 
Through the kindness of Dr. Petri a part of the type of his 
EL’. pseudoradicalis has been examined, but unfortunately no cultures 
could be obtained from the specimen. The writers have been unable 
to distinguish his specimen from forms of £. flwens which appear to 
show all the intermediate conditions of variation connecting it with 
typical E. fluens. The ascospores of EF. fluens are more variable in 
size and shape than those of any other species of Endothia studied. 
After examining many specimens of this species from Europe, it 
does not seem possible at present to separate any of them. The case 
of Z. pseudoradicalis can not perhaps be regarded as closed until 
more material of it has been collected and compared in culture. In 
fact, the slide from the type of Sphaeria radicalis Schw. shows 
ascospores of both the narrow and broad form. The photdmicro- 
