CHESTNUT BLIGHT IS UNCHECKED 209 
at a reasonable cost. A simple treatment which has given satisfactory 
results with this species consists of cutting out every spring the 
trunk infections which reach into the cambium region and painting 
the cuts. The majority of the trees do not require the removal of 
infections every year, while some few trees frequently have deep 
cankers. In orchards where the blight is being eradicated, much 
more frequent, careful, and drastic treatment is required. It is im- 
portant in both the control and the eradication of the blight to keep 
the trees in vigorous condition. Although the blight can be con- 
trolled on the hairy Chinese chestnut, other factors such as the sale 
price of the nuts and the chestnut weevils, for which there is no satis- 
factory control at present, must be considered by the prospective 
orchardist. . 
Successful inoculations on varieties and species of chinquapins 
from different parts of the Gulf States and Arkansas show that the 
blight will eventually spread over the chinquapin area of the South. 
These shrubs willbe a source of infection for orchards considerably 
outside the range of native American chestnut. As:the chestnut 
blight is carried for long distances in various ways, there is no 
assurance that even the chestnut orchards of the Pacific coast will 
remain free from the disease. Orchardists and inspectors in that 
region should be on the watch for the blight, as young infections 
can be easily and completely eradicated, whereas older ones can be 
eradicated only with much greater difficulty. 
Ornamental Chestnut Trees 
The planted American chestnuts of the Northeast have largely 
disappeared, and-those of the southern Appalachians and the Ohio 
Valley are doomed. Owners who are dependent upon ‘these trees 
for shade should take immediate.steps to plant resistant chestnuts or 
other kinds of shade trees to replace the native chestnuts when they 
die. Many strains of the Japanese and hairy Chinese chestnuts 
are sufficiently resistant to the blight to be grown as shade trees with 
very little treatment, whereas others are rather. susceptible and 
require considerable treatment. The natural beauty of these trees, 
together with their. production of. edible nuts, ‘makes them very 
desirable for planting in many situations. A ‘few trees of the hairy 
Chinese chestnut will supply the farmer’s family with sweet nuts. 
Most of the chestnut forest growth north of Virginia and east 
of the Allegheny River has been killed by the blight, and that of 
the southern Appalachians and Ohio Valley will be destroyed in the 
near future. As shown by Figure 42, the blight is now present 
throughout most’ of ‘the range of the commercial chestnut. It is 
spreading more rapidly in the South than it did in the North, and 
already over one-fifth of the chestnut stands of the southern Ap- 
palachians are 80 per cent or more infected. Forecasts based upon 
the present distribution of the disease and its past rate of spread 
indicate that the major part of the remaining chestnut trees will be 
infected or killed by 1930. As the distribution and spread of the 
blight are somewhat irregular, each owner must watch his stand 
in order to determine the amount of infection in it. 
