Blight-Resistant Chestnuts and Related Tree Crops 15 
the tree are glabrous except for the under side of the shining leath- 
ery leaf, which is covered with dense silvery scales, like the leaf 
of an Elaeagnus, and is further distinguishable by being serrated 
only beyond the middle. The fruits are borne in axillary spikes, 
with 10 to 20 in each spike, and the burs are covered with about three 
concentric rings of sharp spines about half an inch long. There is 
generally but one nut in each bur, about one-half to two-thirds of 
an inch long and one-third to half an inch broad, ovoid or conical, 
looking much like a small filbert. Each nut contains two seeds, 
whieh is unusual for Castanopsis. 
According to Rock, this is one of the noblest timber trees of 
Yunnan. It is not stated for what the timber is used, but the 
straight, long, unbranched trunk should contain a great many good 
board feet. The nuts, though as small as those of a chinquapin, are 
sweet; it is not stated by anyone that they are sold in Chinese 
markets. 
This species apparently is not found outside of Yunnan Province, 
and in places even within the Province it is sometimes absent. 
Franchet, who first discovered it, mentions but two situations— 
wooded hills, Piiouse, and mountains above Tapintze. But Rock 
says it is found on the summit ridge of the Shweli-Salwin Divide 
at 8,000 feet and on the summit of a limestone range north of Liki- 
ang at an altitude of 8,200 feet. It is also very common on the Yang- 
tsze River north. of Likiang at Tungshan, Shiku, and Hgaza. 
As for the region or regions where it may be expected to grow in 
this country, it is difficult, in the absence of climatic data from the 
mountains of Yunnan, to predict. Rock calls it “one of the finest 
and hardiest. timber trees in this region,” but that merely means 
hardy in Yunnan. It probably can not be counted on to succeed 
outside the Gulf States and California and possibly the coast region 
of Oregon. 
CASTANOPSIS HYSTRIX 
(Castanopsis hystrix DC.) 
This species has been introduced and inventoried as 8. P. I. No. 
56768. Rock collected it in southwestern Yunnan, China. It has 
been reported from northern India where, in the Khasi Hills, it is 
said to grow at elevations of 2,000 to 3,000 feet. Rock’s description ~ 
follows: 
[S. P. I. No. 56768.] A lofty tree 80 to 100 feet tall, with trunks 3 feet in 
diameter, found in the pine forests of the Shweli Valley 40 li (about 12 miles) 
north of Lungling at an altitude of 6,000 feet. The smooth fawn-colored 
bark is flaky, and the straight ascending branches give the tree an oblong 
appearance. The burs are in long densely packed spikes, and the involucres 
are covered with long soft green spines. The small nuts are borne singly 
or in twos. This is one of the finest forest trees of the region. According to 
the natives the wood is very durable and never attacked by insects. 
OTHER SPECIES OF CASTANOPSIS 
Four other species of Castanopsis collected by Rock should be 
noted. These were all found in Yunnan Province, western China. 
[S. P. I. No. 56296.] A tall tree 70 to 80 feet in height, found on the slopes 
of the Likiang Snow Range at an altitude of 10,000 feet. The thick leathery 
leaves are silvery beneath, and the small edible nuts are Sweet. ; 
[S. P. I. No. 56298.] A tree 50 to 80 feet high, with a trunk 4 feet in 
diameter, found on the Salwin Ridge at an altitude of 8,000 feet. The dark- 
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