Apr. 1, 1927 Natural Replacement of Blight-Killed Chestnut 643 
clear-cut areas and on those on which the chestnut was salvaged before 
it died. Many of the clumps of chestnut which were not cut before 
the trees died have already ceased to sprout. 
TaBLe 2.—Reproduction under blight-killed chestnut, southern New England 2 
Ghasnae 4 Percentage 
reproduc- ‘ 
Plots tion per *square Other sepuon chon pst eauare spbech tall 
ro zo est saplings 
are found 
Aver- 
age 
pod Class 1 Class 2 
er species species 
of et ? P 
nw 3 
Num-|clumps| Dead | Live Live| All Pro- | Pro. Class | Class 
Nature seed-| spe- eu ro" | 1 spe-| 2 spe- 
ber sprouts] sprouts] 5° Pe | Sprouts| por- |Sprouts por- | 1 $Pe| 2 spe 
lings | cles and |tion| and | tion | S| “es 
seed- | of | seed- | of 
lings jseed-| lings | seed- 
ings ings 
Num-| Num- Per Per | Per | Per 
Stand clear-cut Feet |Number|Number| ber | ber |Per cent| cent |Per cent’ cent | cent | cent 
in 1921 (plot 4)_ 8 11.4 17.1 11.0] 0.6 | 44.6 32 55 24 11 60 27 
Stand clear-cut 
in 1908 (plots 2 
and 3)___...._. 6 8.0 17.0 7.9 -0 | 24.7 60 74 18 15 79 0 
Permanent plot 
CC a 5 -| 28.0!) 1.6 | 93.8 75 59 TE r45t,  oocce |e eeee 
60-year-old stand 
(plot 1)-..-... 5 19.3 16.0 10.6 .0 | 43.4 41 69 3 | 57 67 33 
Weighted aver- 
BOS to: che Ueto 12.4 16.8 13.7 «5 | 49.6 49.8 | 63.5 15.4 | 28.7 | 67.8 | 20.1 
« Summaries of tallies of 24 square-rod reproduction plots, grouped by stands of essentially similar age or 
treatment; Maltby tract, near New Haven, and Whittemore estate, near Woodbury, Conn. 
> Class 1 species are: White oak, red oak, black oak, chestnut oak, white ash, hickory, sweet birch, 
black cherry, basswood, sugar maple, and yellow poplar. Class 2 species are: Scarlet oak, red maple, 
beech, and aspen. Class 3 species are included only in the total number of all species. 
¢ For description see preceding section of text. 
The most striking point brought out by Table 2, aside from the 
fact that the blanks are now filled by a much larger number of seedlings 
and sprouts than can possibly survive, is that practically half of the 
new reproduction is of desirable species and that about 65 per cent 
of these are species which at present have an economic value. Fur- 
thermore, on over two-thirds of the area represented by the plots the 
tallest saplings are class 1 species, and on another 20 per cent they 
are class 2 species. Over 63 per cent of the class 1 reproduction is 
of seedling origin. ; 
The goodly portion of red oak in the replacement reproduction 
on so many of the plots is especially noteworthy. The importance 
of red oak, because of its rapid growth in height and diameter and 
the excellent character of its timber, has long been recognized by 
foresters (3,6). Spaeth (15) has classed both red oak and white ash as 
important species in replacing chestnut. There is little doubt that 
these species will increase rapidly in importance now that their 
formidable rival—the chestnut—has been destroyed. The second- 
growth hardwood type will be easy to maintain and will form the 
basis of future forest management on the better soils. ; 
The most significant facts brought out by the 1924 Connecticut 
studies, as well as by those made in 1920, are that there is generally 
sufficient advance growth of valuable species to restock the stands, 
and that the blight-killed chestnut has been very largely replaced by 
