394 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION REPORT, I912. 
severely affected, many having been dying slowly ever since. 
Besides the trees which are dying, there are many others which 
are in a very much weakened condition. Numerous oaks which 
were injured four years ago have died during the past three 
years, and some of these not yet dead are gradually becoming 
weaker. * * * Mention has previously been made in our 
reports of the condition of the red maples, many of which are 
now gradually dying, and the white and rock maples are suf- 
fering to a limited extent from the same cause.” And in a 
later Report. (23, p. 66) he adds: “The severe winter of 1903-04 
was not confined to our state, as its work may be seen through- 
out the whole northeastern section of the United States, and 
in many instances large orchards were wiped out entirely.” 
The so-called pine blight was a trouble very prominent in 
New England a few years ago, culminating in its damage-in 
1907. At first some investigators, as well as growers, tried 
to show that this was a fungous trouble, but the investigations 
of Stone of Massachusetts, Morse of ‘Maine, and of the writer, 
proved that it was entirely due to unusual seasonal conditions, 
prominent among which was winter injury. Concerning this 
trouble, Stone (Report 22, p. 65) writes: ‘The present pine 
blight dates back to the winter of 1902-03, when the conditions 
were such as to cause much injury to vegetation in general. 
The following winter, 1903-04, was even more severe in its 
effects on vegetation, and caused extensive root killing of many 
trees and shrubs. Pine, as well as other trees, in many cases 
was killed outright, but the injury to the pine was largely con- 
fined to the small roots or those less than three-sixteenths of 
an inch in diameter.” Morse (Forester’s Seventh Rept., Me., 
p. 24) also says: “Practically all of the so-called pine blight 
in Maine appeared in 1907 and 1908, and was coincident with 
the most destructive winter injury to fruit trees known in the 
state in the last hundred years.” 
In the spring of 1907 a late frost killed the immature leaves 
of the sycamore over a considerable area, as shown by von 
Schrenk and the writer. It is at this time of the year that 
the anthracnose fungus begins to be prominent, and the action 
of the frost was so similar to that of the fungus that several 
investigators, who apparently were not acquainted with the 
result of this frost, later laid the trouble entirely to the fungus. 
