CHESTNUT BARK DISEASE, 423 
to be a saprophyte, but with weak parasitic tendencies. Both the 
cultures and the inoculations we will discuss later in connection 
with those of the true chestnut blight. 
From the name usually applied, Endothia gyrosa (Schw.) 
Fr., it is seen that Schweinitz’s Sphaeria gyrosa is considered 
the original type of the species. Schweinitz, in his Fung. Car. 
Sup., 1822, described this from Salem, N. C., on decaying bark 
of knots and also living bark of Fagus and Juglans. There 
is to-day some doubt about his correct determination of these 
hosts. He sent specimens to Fries, who also described it in 
his Syst. Myc. 2, p. 419, in 1823; and in his Elench. Fung. 2, 
p. 84, in 1828, he compares it with specimens received from 
Southern Europe. In 1845, Fries, in Summ. Veg. Scand., 
created a new genus, Endothia, citing S. gyrosa of Schwei- 
nitz as the type, and ever since then European botanists 
have considered Endothia gyrosa of Europe to be the same 
fungus as Sphaeria gyrosa, described by Schweinitz from 
America, Some few have given Fuckel as a second author- 
ity for the name, E. gyrosa (Schw.) Fckl., since that author 
in his Sym. Myc. p. 226, in 1869, indicated that he was the 
first to place this species under this genus, evidently con- 
sidering that Fries had not properly placed it there, since he 
did not really write the combination Endothia gyrosa. 
From the descriptions of both Schweinitz and Fries, it looks 
as if Schweinitz collected only the Cytospora stage of this 
fungus. This is further borne out by the fact that Schweinitzian 
specimens examined by Farlow and Shear in this country and 
Europe show only that stage. The original specimen of 
Schweinitz at the Philadelphia Academy of Science has been 
lost or misplaced, and in the original envelope is an entirely 
different fungus, a Nectria sent by Torrey from New England, 
which Schweinitz years afterwards apparently mistook to be 
this species. The writer (10) found a misplaced specimen (in 
another collection made by Schweinitz, now at the Philadelphia 
Academy of Science), which probably.is his original type, but 
this also shows only the conidial stage. In the Curtis collection 
at Harvard, however, there is a Schweinitzian specimen of SS. 
gyrosa which, while in the conidial stage, has a drawing on the 
envelope by Curtis of ascospores which are like those of this 
