564 BULLETIN 347 
Murrill (1908 a), however, found cankers on Japanese chestnuts. Clinton 
(1913:375), after having failed to produce the disease on a Japanese tree 
inoculated in sixteen different places, states that this variety shows more 
or less immunity. Metcalf (z1914:16), in his latest publication, says. 
“ The Japanese chestnut is highly resistant, and certain strains apparently .. . 
immune. . . . . . At present we do not know exactly what the 
Japanese chestnut is; most of the trees that pass under this name in the 
American market appear to be hybrids with the American or other 
varieties.” 
Pantanelli (1911) and Metcalf (1912 b) proved by inoculation that the 
. European chestnuts are not immune. 
Murrill (1908 a) found the chinquapin, Castanea pumila, attacked. 
Morris (Clinton 1913:376) reports that the Chinese and northern 
‘Japanese and Corean varieties show decided resistance. Meyer, as 
stated by Fairchild (1913), finds that the chestnut trees in northern 
China are not immune, but that they suffer less than do the trees in 
America. Observations by. Morris (1914) and Van Fleet (1914) on the 
relative immunity of hybrids have been noted above, under the discussion 
of hosts." 
In general, no species nor variety of the genus Castanea has been proved 
to be immune, but some of the oriental varieties show a certain degree 
of resistance. 
*% 
On trees outside the genus Castanea 
Fulton (1912:53) reports Endothia parasitica on Quercus alba and Q. 
velutina, but considers it entirely saprophytic. Clinton (1913:377) 
adds Quercus rubra to the list, but does not believe that the fungus is 
ever an aggressive parasite on the oaks. 
Anderson and Babcock (1913) made cross inoculations, and they discuss 
this phase in detail. The results of their experiments may be summarized 
as follows: The fungus was found growing naturally in the woods on 
Quercus velutina, Q. alba, Q. prinus, Rhus typhina, Acer rubrum, and Carya 
ovata. Only on the white oak did it seem to have established parasitic 
relations. (See also Rankin, 1914.) It was isolated from all of these {| | | 
except Q. prinus, and when grown in pure culture it appeared identical 
with the strains from the chestnut. The strains from Quercus velutina, 
Q. alba, Rhus typhina, and Acer rubrum produced typical cankers when 
inoculated back on chestnuts. The others were undoubtedly Endothia. 
parasitica, judging from cultural characters, although no cross inoculations 
were made. Inoculations with the fungus isolated from chestnut were 
made on Quercus prinus, Q. velutina, Q. alba, Q. coccinea, Rhus typhina, 
Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Carya ovata. Two trees of Rhus 
