16 



MEANS OF EESTBAXNT. 



FlO. 3.— Short Twitch. 



ascertained. The iron instrument is severe in its effects, probably 

 more so than the twitch, but is less easy of application. In apply- 

 ing the barnacles, the surgeon grasps the upper Up, and placing 



Fia. 3.— Iron Barnacles. 



each of the branches severally on opposite sides of the organ, 

 brings the ends together, immediately fixing them in place at the 

 desired point of pressure, and secures them by fitting the ring 

 into the proper notch. 



Fig. 4. — Wooden Barnacles. 



The wooden barnacles are made with circular sharp ridges cut 

 in both branches in order to intensify the pain, the ends, when 

 they are approximated, being secured by means of cords. 



The gag is a means of derivation used principally in Central 

 Europe. It consists of a cord about one-quarter of an inch in 

 diameter, which is placed in the mouth, and passing upward on 

 each side of the face, is tied on the top of the head. This is twisted 

 to any degree of tightness by means of a small, round piece of 

 wood, which is passed between the cheek and the cord, the result 

 being excessive traction upon the commissure of the lips and great 



