SEOUEING- OTHEE DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



59 



one of the joints having a sharp point with which the ring is 

 pushed through the cartilage. A simple form represented in 

 Figure 51 shows the point passing through an eye at the other 

 extremity of the ring to be bent oyer it in order to close the in- 

 strument. The ring used in some parts of Prance is contrived 



Fig. 6S.— French Rings. 



somewhat on the same plan, but is more complicated. That of 

 Eueff is a kind of broken circle, which, when closed, forms a per- 

 fect ring in which the branches are kept together by a small screw. 



Fig. 53.— Ring of RuefE. 



The rope which is attached to the nasal ring is not always suffi- 

 cient to drive or control bulls, and conductor sticks armed at the 

 end with iron hooks of various shapes are recommended. The 

 apparatus of Vigan is a very simple one, but it fulfils all require- 

 ments and suffices for the restraint of the most vicious animals. 

 It consists of a wooden pole with an iron prolongation having a 

 wide ring by which to hold it, and at a short distance from this a 

 hook to be inserted into the nose ring. Back of this is a strap to 

 secure around the horns the bar over the top of the head as it passes 

 between the horns. At the other extremity is an iron stifle through 

 which a surcingle is passed to be tied aroiond the body of the 

 animal. Painful, and still easy to apply, this apparatus is not 

 only a powerful means of restraint, but is sufficient to prevent 

 any motion of the head. 



