388 



OPERATIONS ON THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 



Fig. 373. 



Pig. 874. 



Explanation.— In these three 

 figures an idea of the mode of 

 formation of hernias is given : 

 aaaaaa, represent a section of 

 the abdominal wall; o o o, the 

 aponeurotic opening through 

 which the peritoneum, pppppp, 

 is engaged to form the hernial 

 eao, s; the intestine, ii ii iV, is 

 shown entering the hernial sac 

 gradually. 



Fig. 375. 



In the ventral kind the aperture is wide and of varying dimen- 

 sions, and it may, moreover, be quite wanting, or again, it may 

 be long and cylindrical, as in inguinal rupture ; while in the um 

 bilical variety it is very short, and represented merely by the 

 thickness of the edges of the hernial ring. The body or middle 

 portion of the intestines, or that which becomes lodged in the 

 cavity of the sac, also varies in size, direction and form, and may 

 be considered under the four principal heads of the cylindrical, 



