464 OPEBATIONS ON THE BESPIBATOBT APPAEAT0S. 



FiQ. 404.— Curved Scissors. 



Fig. 406.— Electric Lamp. 



the cartilage ; a special forceps with toothed ends, to seize the 

 body of the cartilage ; curved scissors to cut through the mucous 

 membrane ; two retractors to keep the trachea opened during the 

 operation ; and an electric lamp to illuminate the interior of the 

 larynx. 



Fleming describes the operation as follows: "The horse 

 should be well fed for a day or two preceding the operation, but 

 have Uttle or no food or drink for some hovirs before its actual 

 performance. In the case of thoroughbred horses, a dose of four 

 ounces of tincture of opium in a pint of water, half an hour be- 

 fore operating, is advisable. The hair must be removed closely 

 from around the upper part of the trachea and larynx, before the 



