PHLEBOTOMY. 



495 



The graduated vase is to receive the blood, and at the same 

 time measure its flow. In ordiaary practice a pail is substituted. 



The pins must be long and strong. Ihe pin-holder is used to 

 assist ia the iatroduction of the pin when the suture is made and 

 the bleeding terminated. 



Sponges and cold water should be accessible. 



Modus Opeeandi. 



I'osition of the Animal. — The standing position is the one 

 generally preserved. The animal is held weU ia hand by an as- 

 sistant, and if he appears to be excited and unwOhng to stand 

 quietly, and soothing treatment has no effect, a twitch is placed 



on his nose, or a cap on his head. 



The operation consists of three steps: 

 1st. Preparation of the Blood Vessel : 

 This consists in applying sufficient pres- 

 sure upon it to temporarily interrupt 

 the circulation and cause it to become 

 more prominent under the skin. This 

 is done with the iingers, and some- 

 times with a ligature, when the loca- 

 tion of the vessel permits it. In some 

 blooded and thin-skinned animals, a 

 Utile brisk exercise is sufficient to stim- 

 ulate the circulation and render the 

 veins prominent. 



2d. Opening of the Vessel. — This 

 is done with the fleam, the lancet or 

 the bistouiy. The fleam is more com- 

 monly used for large animals. Held as 

 in figure 441, it is brought opposite the 

 vessel, parallel to its course, and per- 

 fectly perpendicular to it, and at such 

 a distance from the skin as to approx- 

 imate very nearly, but without forming 

 an actual contact with it. When ia 

 this position the fleam is made to pen- 

 etrate the vessel by a smart blow with 

 the bleeding-stick on the back of the 

 riG.44i.-Manne^rof Holding the ^^^^^_ ^^^^ practitioners, instead of 



