504 



Fig. 446. 



Phlebotomy on the Jugulah. 



It is performed in the same manner essentially as in the soli- 

 peds, and with the same iastruments. But as cattle are less sub- 

 missive to the preparations which precede the operation, means 

 of restraint must be used with them, and they must be tied to a 

 tree or a post. The jugular of cattle has thicker walls than 

 that of soUpeds, its diameter is much greater, and it is separated 

 from the carotid in its whole length by a thicker layer of muscle. 

 For these reasons a larger iieam becomes necessary. To dilate 

 the vein a strong ligature is apphed tightly on the neck, the pres- 

 sure of the fingers never being sufficient to furnish the necessary 

 force. To open the vein the blow of the stick must be heavier, 

 and when properly given is followed, as in soUpeds, by a strong 

 stream of blood, which rapidly ceases when the ligature is loosened 

 or removed. It is not always necessary to apply a pinned suture, 

 but it is always safer and more prudent to do so, though the in- 

 troduction of the pin is rendered diffictilt by the toughness and 

 thickness of the skin. The value of the pin-holder is demon- 

 strated in this case. 



The thrombus which so often follows this operation is not 

 serious, and, in fact, its formation is stimulated by some practi- 

 tioners. 



Phlebotomy at the Subcutaneous Abdominal. 



This vein is of enormous volume, extending from the udder to 

 the xyphoid cartilage of the sternum, at the side of the abdomen, 



