534 



OPERATIONS ON THE CIECULATOEY SYSTEM. 



The kind of forceps used are known as artery forceps, and 

 are of numerous varieties. 



Fig. 457.— Cooper Needles, or Tenaculum. 



The tenaculum, or aneurism needle, is a kind of blunt tenacu- 

 lum with an eye at its end, and is used to seize or secure the 

 vessels. 



The suture materials are linen thread, sUk, animal ligatures, 

 such as catgut or tendinous fibrilla, and sometimes very fine me- 

 tallic wire. Ordinary linen thread and silk, well waxed, are most 

 commonly used in veterinary practice. 



(a) Immediate Ligature. — This is the surest of hemostatic 

 means. It is appHed principally upon large arteries surrounded 

 only by their cellular sheaths, and a difference is made in applying 



