LITHOTEITY. 569 



mth the bivalve speculum, a stream of water is then thrown into 

 the bladder, either with the syringe or the tube of the irrigator. 

 The water ought to be tepid and antiseptic ; and a hand intro- 

 duced into the rectum and manipulating the bladder, will facili- 

 tate the repulsion of the larger fragments, and the washing out of 

 the smaller. The general attention required in all cases of serious 

 operations wUl be necessary after the performance of lithotrity. 

 In respect to any special dressing, they are the same as those in- 

 dicated in simple urethrotomy. 



Serious, however, as this operation is, it is comparatively free 

 from dangerous sequelae. Hemorrhages of easy control have been 

 met, urinary abscesses, with infiltration, have occurred, serious 

 wounds of the urethra, of the rectum and of the bladder may also 

 happen, but they are of rare occurrence, and can be avoided by 

 careful manipulation through all the steps of the operation. 



AMPUTATION Or THE PENIS. 



This operation is indicated in the horse when the penis becomes 

 the seat of warty growths; of epithelial, papillomatous, or can- 

 cerous degenerations ; of fracture ; of paraphymosis, or of paraly- 

 sis. Warty growths are usually found covering more or less the 

 free part of the penis ; or its free extremity ; or the glans penis ; 

 and are also sometimes met with on the inside of the sheath, their 

 presence being accompanied with an offensive and very irritating 

 sebaceous discharge, becoming at times so painful as to interfere 

 with micturition. They resist the severest forms of treatment, 

 and it is not unusual for them to develop into forms of a more 

 alarming nature, notably those of chancroid degeneration, of 

 which, in fact, these epithUial growths are but the seminal origin. 

 In other cases the erectile tissue of the glans penis becomes the 

 seat of ulceration, extending in depth, spreading in such a manner 

 over the penis that the free portion of the organ becomes a mere 

 mass of bleeding surface, of irregular aspect, macerating in the 

 pus which abundantly forms, and which escapes with its pecuUarity 

 of bloody saniousity, with the most repulsive odor and irritating 

 effect, rendering the act of micturition most painful and difficult. 

 In many instances the animal so dreads to bring his penis out of 

 the sheath that he urinates within the cavity formed by the folds 

 of the skin, adding another source of irritation to that already 



