DISEASES. 627 



is then dressed up with a shoe havtag the toe thinned down, and 

 extending somewhat beyond the border of the foot. 



The cicatrization does not take place from the coronary band 

 alone, but also from the horny secretions of the podophyllous tis- 

 sues. The repair is then quite rapid. The first dressing is re- 

 moved after eight or ten days, and if everything goes on well need 

 not be changed more than once a week. 



The animal is not to be put to work until the hoof has obtained 

 a certain consistency. 



The operation for quarter crack is similar, except that only one 

 groove is required in front of the crack, the tissues being exposed 

 as in the operation for the removal of the lateral cartilages of the 

 foot. 



Calk. 



Synonyms. — Kronen tritt (Ger.) — Atteinte (Fr.) — Thus is called 

 a contusion, with or without wound, that the animal receives on 

 the coronet, from the shoe of another foot, or from a foreign 

 body, or by another animal walking behind or alongside him. 



The skin of that region is very thick, slightly extensible, not 

 easily yielding to th« imflammatory swelling ; there is commonly 

 sloughing and mortification of tissues, accompanied with violent 

 pain. It is frequent in animals that forge, also in very young 

 horses or those which are weak in the lumbar region, and which 

 interfere and cut themselves in walking. This lesion is also very 

 common in the districts where horses are shod with high calked 

 shoes, when the wound resulting from it is made by the internal 

 branch of the shoe, which lacerates the skin of the coronet. 

 Horses shod to travel on ice are commonly affected with it ; the 

 injury being more or less serious according to the size and sharp 

 condition of the calk. 



Horses ridden in ridding schools are often affected with it dur- 

 ing the various evolutions of the haute ^cole. 



It is called single when the wound is sHght ; concealed when 

 the pain is great and continued, as in the case where it takes place 

 on the tendon, near the heels or the quarters ; horny when the 

 contusion has taken place on the waU or at the coronary band.; 

 complicated, when it is very serious and accompanied with other 

 more severe lesions. It is always a horizontal wound or a tumor 

 by contusion. 



