DISEASES. 681 



lameness. There are cases, however, where it is missing ; for ex- 

 ample, ia seedy toe. Ordinarily, the foot is raised from the ground 

 with a con-vulsive motion, as may be weU. observed in donkeys and 

 mules, which animals rest their feet on the heels. This soreness 

 diminishes with time, as the foot, assuming its new form, offers a 

 wider space to the sub-ungulated tissues and presses less upon 

 them, these tissues having, at the same time, become somewhat 

 atrophied. In cases of hernia of the os pedis, the resting of the 

 foot on the ground is almost impossible, the animal being afraid 

 to bear his weight on the sole. The heat and the pain of the feet 

 are less marked. The percussion is louder in case of seedy toe, 

 while it is duller when the space between the wall and the recticu- 

 lar structure is filled with hoof of new formation. This percus- 

 sion is very painful in case of keraphylocele. Unless there are 

 serious lesions, chronic laminitis is not accompanied with fever. 



m. Pathological Anatomy. — At the initial period of lamini- 

 tis, when there is only simple congestion of the keratogenous ap- 

 paratus, and especially of the podophyUous tissue, the sub-horny 

 tissues are in a condition of sanguineous derangement, characterized 

 by objective signs. "When the hoof covering them during life is 

 removed, they are found of a dark red color, in a kind of eythema. 

 When pressed between the fingers, their thickness is noted to be 

 increased, and they are found to be gorged with blood, an incision 

 made through them allowing the escape of a large quantity of 

 that fluid. 



If the laminitis exists for several days, the podophyUous tissue 

 is found to be infiltrated with plastic exudations, and if there has 

 been hemorrhage or apoplexy, blood is found between both the 

 sensitive and insensitive laminae. In other cases there is pus, and 

 in case of gangrene, the tissues are found of a Hvid color. 



The alterations are stUl more serious in cases of chronic 

 founder. "When a foot, foundered for some time, is divided by 

 the saw in its antero-posterior axis by a section of all the parts, 

 the thing first noticed is a change in the connection of the os 

 pedis with the wall. These changes, however, exist principally at 

 the toe, and extend as far as the half of the quarters, on a level 

 with the lateral cartilages of the foot, while further backward they 

 are not to be observed. On the side, some laminae are always 

 found in their normal condition, as can be seen by a section of 

 the foot made transversely. Generally, a yellowish substance, of 



