12 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION 
ducts to minute openings opposite each barb, from which openings 
it passes and thus enters into the lowest portion of the wound. The 
honey bee usually- inserting the stinger to its full depth is unable 
t extricate it, and so, in attempting to free itself, generally muti- 
lates its body to such an extent that death ensues within a few 
hours. The stinger continues to act automatically for some mo- 
ments after the first act of stinging and more poison is injected, 
Obviously, for this reason, the stinger should be removed as quick- 
ly as possible, and, since squeezing the stinger in an endeavor to pull 
it only introduces more poison, it should be removed by a scrap- 
ing motion of the fingernail. 
If we examine the sides of the abdomen of the bee we will find 
small oval openings, one to each segment, known as_ spiracles. 
These open into an elaborate series of tubular passage ways, known 
as tracheae, leading into the tracheoles, which ramify into every pait 
of the body of the insect, carrying air to the most remote tissues. 
Circulation is accomplished through a dorsal blood vessel operating 
in lieu of a heart, driving the blood forward where it bathes the 
brain first and then gradually returns through the body cavity, en- 
tering the dorsal pericardial cavity through a series of openings. 
In a practical treatise of this kind we cannot go into the details of 
those portions of the anatomy and physiology of the bee, however 
interesting and wonderful they may be, which do not bear directly 
upon some practical feature, and for this reason we must pass 
rapidly over the internal anatomy. Suffice it to say in connection 
with the nervous system, that there is not a complete centralization 
of nervous control, as is the case in higher animals, but instead 
control is diffused among a series of ganglia occuring throughout 
the length of the body, explaining the striking performance of a de- 
capitated bee running about for some time and even attempting to 
fly, after the head has been removed. There is, of course, a cephalic 
ganglion or brain which is more highly specialized than the others, 
for the reception of sensations and general control of the body. 
We will pass quickly over the digestive system, citing the most 
important structures. The honey sack deserves notice. This igs 
located immediately preceding the stomach and is connected with 
the latter by a very complicated and interesting passage called the 
stomach mouth. This passage is composed of four lip-like Sides, 
