6 MONTANA EXPERIMENT STATION 
tree hoppers, plant lice, water bugs, etc.; the Coleoptera or beetles ; 
the Lepidoptera, including moths and butterflies; the Diptera, in- 
cluding the true flies; and the Hymenoptera, including the bees, 
ants, wasps and hornets. It is generally believed that the Hy- 
menoptera compose the highest order of insects, yet these orders 
have developed ‘parallel to each other. Of the Hymenoptera the 
supremacy lies between the ants and the bees, and from the num- 
ber of specialized organs and products of bees, they may be 
given the higher place. Carrying the subdivision further, the 
Hymenoptera, so named from their membranous wings, are divided 
into two sub-orders: the boring Hymenoptera including the saw- 
flies, gall-flies, ichneumon-flies, etc., and the stinging Hymenoptera 
including the ants, wasps and bees. The bees are called the Apina. 
They are again subdivided into families, the short tongued bees 
or Andrenidae, and the long tongued bees or Apidae, the honey 
bee falling, of course, within the latter group. Apidae are again 
subdivided and we distinguish the genus Bombus or bumble-bees, 
the genus Megapis or giant bees, and the genus Apis or the common 
honey bees. The genus Megapis is separated into species and we 
have Megapis dorsata, Megapis zonata, and Megapis testacea, the 
giant bees of India, Java and the Philippines. The genus Apis is 
separated into the following species—Apis florea and Apis indica, 
the small East Indian bees, and Apis mellifera, the European or 
common bee. To recapitulate briefly, the common honey bee be- 
longs to the class Insecta, order Hymenoptera, super family Apina, 
family Apidae, genus Apis and species mellifera. So the name of 
“the honey bee is Apis mellifera from the Latin apis, meaning bee and 
mellifera, meaning honey. From the same given root, apis, comes 
our word apiculture, meaning the cultivation of. bees and also 
apiary, meaning a collection of colonies of bees.2? 3%. 
To return to the structure of the honey bee.9?-We-have seen 
that bees have three pairs of legs borne on the lower side of the 
thorax. The insect leg is composed of a series of parts with joints 
between, named from the body down, the coxa, trochantet, femur, 
tibia, tarsus. There is a tendency among bees to bear upon each 
tibia a so-called spur. In the first pair of legs this spur is modified to 
form, with an indentation of the first tarsal segment, a circular comb 
or cleaner. This is knowri' as the antennae cleaner and serves the 
bee in cleaning the coat of finé hair on the antennae or feelers. The 
