GENUS 7. GENTIAN FAMILY. 15 
1. Frasera_ carolinénsis Walt. American 
Columbo. Fig. 3364. 
Frasera carolinensis Walt. Fl. Car. 87. 1788. 
Stem 3°-7° high, stout. Leaves mostly verti- 
cillate in 4’s, those of the stem lanceolate or 
oblong, acute or acutish, 3’-6’ long, the basal ones 
spatulate or oblanceolate, usually much larger, 
the uppermost small and bract-like; inflorescence 
thyrsoid-paniculate, large, often 2° long; flowers 
slender-pedicelled, about 1’ broad; corolla yel- 
lowish white with brown-purple dots, its lobes 
broadly oblong, bearing a large circular long- 
fringed gland at or below the middle; style 2’-3” 
long; stigma 2-lobed; capsule much compressed, 
6”-8” high, longer than the calyx. 
In dry soil, western New York and Ontario to 
Wisconsin, south to Georgia and Tennessee. Yellow 
gentian, Pyramid-flower or -plant. June-Aug. 
2 lj 
Bu! 
8 HALENIA Borck. in Roem. Archiv 1: 25. 17096. 
[TETRAGONANTHUS S. G. Gmel. FI. Sib. 4: 114. Hyponym. 1769.] 
Annual or perennial usually tufted glabrous herbs, with opposite leaves, and middle-sized 
white yellowish purple or blue flowers in terminal and axillary often panicled cymes. Calyx 
deeply 4-cleft or 4-parted, the segments lanceolate or oblong. Corolla campanulate, 4-5-cleft, 
the lobes convolute in the bud, each with a hollow spur or projection below, which is glandu- 
lar at the bottom within, or sometimes spurless. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted near the base of 
the corolla; filaments filiform or subulate; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary 1-celled, the 
placentae more or less intruded; ovules numerous; style very short, sometimes none; stigma 
2-lobed. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 2-valved. Seeds globose-ovoid to oblong, compressed, 
smooth. [In honor of Jonas Halen, 1727-1810, a pupil of Linnaeus. ] 
About 30 species, natives of mountainous regions of North America, South America and Asia. 
Besides the following, another occurs in the southwestern United States. Type species: Halenia 
sibirica Borck. 
1. Halenia defléxa (J. E. Smith) Griseb. Spurred Gentian. Fig. 3365. 
Swertia deflexa J. E. Smith in Rees’ Cyclop. no. 8. 1816, 
Halenia deflexa Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 67. pl. 
155. 1834. 
H. Brentoniana Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 68, 1834. 
Hi. heterantha Griseb. loc. cit. 1834. 
Tetragonanthus deflexus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 431. 1891, 
Annual or biennial; stem simple or branched, slen- 
der, erect, 6-20’ high, usually with long internodes. 
. Basal leaves obovate or spatulate, obtuse, narrowed 
into petioles; stem-leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute, 
sessile, 3~5-nerved, 1-2’ long, the uppermost much 
smaller; calyx-segments lanceolate or spatulate, acute 
or acuminate; corolla purplish or white, about 4” 
high, its lobes ovate, acute, the spurs deflexed or 
descending, one-fourth to one-half the length of the 
corolla or none; capsule narrowly oblong, 6”-7” 
long, about twice as long as the calyx. 
In moist woods and thickets, Newfoundland and Lab- 
rador to Massachusetts, New York, Saskatchewan, Mon- 
tana, Michigan and South Dakota. Races differ in size 
of the plant and of the flowers and in the development 
of the corolla-spurs. Recorded from the “Indian Ter- 
ritory ” (Oklahoma), apparently erroneously. July-Aug. 
9. OBOLARIA L. Sp. Pl. 632. 1753. 
A low glabrous perennial herb, the stem simple or branched, the lower leaves reduced 
to opposite. scales, the upper foliaceous, subtending the racemose-spicate or thyrsoid white 
or purplish flowers. Calyx of 2 spatulate sepals. Corolla oblong-campanulate, 4-cleft, the 
lobes imbricated, at least in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted in the sinuses of the corolla; fila- 
