GENUs I. WATER-LEAF FAMILY. 65 
Family 23. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 271. 1836. 
WATER-LEAF FAMILy. 
Herbs, mostly hirsute, pubescent or scabrous, with alternate or basal, rarely 
opposite leaves, and perfect regular 5-parted flowers, in scorpioid cymes, spikes 
or racemes, or rarely solitary. Calyx inferior, deeply cleft or divided, the sinuses 
sometimes appendaged. Corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, salverform, campan- 
ulate, or rotate. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube or base of the corolla, and 
alternate with its lobes; filaments filiform; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear, mostly 
versatile, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Diskannularornone. Ovary 
superior, 2-celled, or 1-celled with 2 placentae; styles 2, separate, or partly united; 
stigmas small, terminal; ovules few or numerous, anatropous or amphitropous. 
Capsule 1-2-celled, mostly loculicidally 2-valved, rarely septicidally or irregularly 
dehiscent. Seeds oblong, globose, or angular, usually pitted, rugose or reticu- 
lated; endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo small; cotyledons half-terete 
or plano-convex. 
About 17 genera and 175 species, mostly natives of western North America. 
Styles united below; ovary 1-celled ; leaves mostly lobed or dentate. 
Corolla-lobes convolute (rarely imbricated) in the bud; placentae dilated. 
Stamens exserted. 1. Hydrophyllum, 
Stamens not exserted. 
Sinuses of the calyx appendaged. 2, Nemophila, 
Calyx much enlarged in fruit, its sinuses not appendaged. 3. Nyctelea. 
Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud; placentae narrow. 4. Phacelia, 
Styles distinct to the base; ovary 2-celled; leaves entire, 5. Nama, 
1. HYDROPHYLLUM [Touwrn.] L. Sp. Pl. 146. 1753. 
Perennial or biennial herbs, with large lobed pinnatifid or p:nnately divided leaves, and 
rather large, white blue or purple flowers, in terminal or lateral peduncled more or less 
scorpioid cymes. Calyx deeply 5-parted, the segments lanceolate or subulate, the sinuses 
naked or appendaged. Corolla tubular-campanulate or campanulate, 5-lobed, the lobes con- 
volute in the bud, each with a linear appendage within, which extends to the base of the 
corolla and is incurved into a groove. Stamens 5, exserted; filaments pilose below or at the 
base; anthers linear or oblong, versatile. Ovary I-celled, hispid-pubescent; placentae fleshy, 
dilated so as to nearly fill the cavity, free from the ovary-wall except at the top and bottom, 
each enclosing 2 ovules; styles united nearly to the summit. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds 1-4, 
globose-obovoid. [Greek, water-leaf, referring to the supposed cavity for water in each leaf.] 
About 12 species, natives of North America. Type species: Hydrophyllum virginianum L. 
Leaves, at least the lower, pinnatifid or pinnately divided. 
Calyx not appendaged in the sinuses or scarcely so. 
Plant sparingly pubescent ; leaf-segments acute, 
Plant villous-hirsute ; leaf-segments blunt. 
. AH. virginianum. 
. H.macrophyllum, 
. H. canadense. 
Leaves palmately 5—9-lobed. 
I 
2 
Calyx with a reflexed appendage in each sinus. 3. H.appendiculatiim. 
4. 
1. Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Vir- 
ginia Water-leaf. Fig. 3484. 
HA, virginianum L, Sp. Pl. 146. 1753. 
Perennial by scaly rootstocks; stems slender, 
glabrous or nearly so, simple or sparingly 
branched, ascending or erect, rather weak, 
1°-3° long. Lower and basal leaves long- 
petioled, 6-10’ long, pinnately divided into 5-7 
oblong ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or 
acutish, sharply toothed or incised segments 
1’-2’ long, glabrous or with few scattered hairs; 
upper leaves similar, short-petioled,, smaller, 
with fewer segments; cymes slender-pedun- 
cled, simple or forked, dense or at length 
~ open; flowers white or violet, purple, darkest 
at high altitudes, short-pedicelled; pedicels 
strigose-pubescent; calyx-segments narrowly 
linear, hispid, spreading, the sinuses not ap- 
pendaged; corolla about 4” long, its segments 
erect; capsule globose, nearly 2” in diameter. 
In woods, Quebec to Ontario, South Dakota, 
South Carolina and Kansas, Ascends to 5000 ft. 
in North Carolina, Brook-flower. May-—Aug. 
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