GENUS I. : BORAGE FAMILY. 73 
* Ovary entire or 2-4-grooved; style terminal. 1. Heliotropium. 
** Ovary 4-divided or deeply 4-lobed, the style arising from the center. 
Flowers regular. 
Nutlets armed with barbed prickles. 
Nutlets spreading or divergent, covered by the prickles. 2. Cynoglossum. 
Nutlets erect or incurved, the prickles on their backs or margins. 3. Lappula. 
Nutlets unarmed. 
Nutlets attached laterally to the receptacle, sometimes just above their bases. 
Fruiting calyx not greatly enlarged nor membranous. 
Corolla small, usually white; receptacle conic or elongated. 
Annuals; calyx nearly closed in fruit; inflorescence naked or bracteolate. 
Lowest leaves mostly opposite; calyx persistent. 4. Allocarya. 
Leaves all alternate; calyx at length deciduous. 5. Cryptantha. 
Perennials or biennials; calyx-segments more or less spreading in fruit; inflo- 
rescence leafy. 6. Oreocarya. 
Corolla tubular-funnelform ; receptacle flat or convex. 
Corolla blue, rarely white; nutlets attached just above their bases. 
Maritime; nutlets fleshy, smooth and shining. 7, Pneumaria. 
Not maritime; nutlets wrinkled when mature and dry. 8. Mertensia. 
Corolla yellow; nutlets laterally attached. g. Amsinckia. 
Fruiting calyx much enlarged, membranous, veiny. 10. Asperugo. 
Nutlets attached to the receptacle by their very bases. 
Scar of attachment small, flat. 
Corolla salverform or funnelform, its lobes rounded, spreading. 
Racemes not bracted; corolla-tube short. 11. Myosotis. 
Racemes bracted ; corolla-tube cylindric, usually slender. 12. Lithospermum, 
Corolla tubular, its lobes erect, acute. 13. Onosmodium. 
Scar of attachment large, concave. 
Corolla tubular, 5-toothed. 14. Symphytum. 
Corolla rotate; anthers erect in a cone. 15. Borago. 
Flowers irregular. 
Stamens included; throat of the corolla closed by scales. 16. Lycopsis. 
Stamens exserted; throat of the corolla dilated, open. 17. Echium, 
1. HELIOTROPIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 130. 1783. 
Herbs or shrubs, with alternate mostly entire and petioled leaves, and small blue or white 
flowers, in scorpioid spikes, or scattered. Calyx-lobes or -segments lanceolate or linear. 
Corolla salverform or funnelform, naked in the throat, its tube cylindric, its lobes imbricated, 
plicate or induplicate in the bud, spreading in flower. Stamens included; filaments short, or 
none. Style terminal, short or slender; stigma conic or annular. Fruit 2-4-lobed, separating 
into 4 I-seeded nutlets, or into 2 2-seeded carpels. Ovary entire, or 2-4-grooved. [Greek, 
sun-turning, i. e., turning to or with the sun.] 
About 125 species, widely distributed in warm-temperate and tropical regions. Besides the fol- 
lowing, some to others occur in the southern and western parts of North America. The species are 
* called Turnsole. Type species: Heliotropium europaeum L 
Fruit 4-lobed, each lobe becoming a 1-seeded nutlet. 
Flowers in scorpioid spikes. 
Plant rough-puberulent ; leaves oval. 1. H. europaeum. 
Glabrous, fleshy ; leaves linear to spatulate. 
Leaves linear to oblanceolate; corolla 2” broad. 2. H. curassavicum, 
Leaves broadly spatulate; corolla 3”-4” broad. 3. H. spathulatum. 
Flowers solitary, terminating short branches. 4. H. tenellum. 
Fruit 2-lobed, or of 2 carpels. 
Style elongated ; flowers large, scattered, white. 3. 
Cryptantha, 
Style very short; flowers blue, in scorpioid spikes. 
i = 
H. indicum. 
1. Heliotropium europaéum L. European 
Heliotrope. Fig. 3502. 
Heliotropium europaeum L, Sp. Pl. 130. 1753. 
Annual, much branched, rough-puberulent, 6-18’ high. 
Leaves oval, 1-2’ long, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at 
the base, slender-petioled, pinnately veined; flowers 
white, 1’-2” broad, in dense 1-sided scorpioid, bractless 
spikes; terminal spikes in pairs, the lateral ones com- 
monly solitary, becoming 17-3’ long in fruit; calyx- 
segments lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, shorter than 
the corolla-tube; anthers distinct, obtuse; stigma-tip 
long-conic; fruit depressed-globose, pubescent, 4-lobed, 
at length separating into 4 nutlets. 
In waste places, Massachusetts to New York, Pennsyl- 
vania and Florida. Adventive or naturalized from Europe. 
June-Oct. 
