GENUS I. VERVAIN FAMILY. 97 
7. Verbena canadénsis (L.) Britton. 
Large-flowered Verbena. Fig. 3558. 
Buchnera canadensis L. Mant. 88. 1767. 
V. Aubletia Jacq. Hort. V. 2: 82. pl. 176. 1772. 
Chae carolinensis J. G. Gmel. Syst. 2: 920. 
1796. 
Verbena canadensis Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 
5: 276, 1894. 
Perennial, pubescent or glabrate; stem slen- 
der, usually branched, 8-20’ high, the branches 
ascending. Leaves membranous, ovate in out- 
line, petioled, 1-3’ long, truncate or broadly 
cuneate at the base, irregularly toothed, or 
pinnately incised, often 3-cleft, the lobes den- 
tate; spikes peduncled, solitary at the ends 
of the branches, dense, short and capitate 
when in early flower, becoming 2’-4’ long in 
fruit; bracts linear-subulate, mostly shorter 
than the calyx; calyx-teeth filiform-subulate ; 
corolla 10’-12” long, blue, purple, white or 
in cultivation variegated, its limb 7-12” 
broad, the lobes oblong or obovate, emargi- 
nate or obcordate; fruit 23-3” high. 
In dry soil, Illinois to Tennessee, Virginia and 
Florida, west to Kansas and Texas. This and 
the next the source of many garden and other 
hybrids. Cut-leaved races have been referred 
to V. Drummondii (Lindl.) Baxter. May-Aug. 
8. Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. Small- 
flowered Verbena. Fig. 3559. 
Verbena bibemnaliidg Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 
2: 123. 1821. 
Glandularia bipinnatifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. 
Soc. (IL.) 5: 184. 1833-37. 
Verbena ambrosiaefolia Rydb.; Small, Fl. SE. 
U.S. 1011. 1903. 
Perennial, producing suckers, hirsute or 
hispid; stems rather stout, mostly branched, 
erect, 6-18’ high. Leaves firm, petioled or 
the uppermost sessile, broadly ovate in out- 
line, deeply 1-2-pinnatifid into linear or linear- 
oblong, obtuse or subacute lobes and seg- 
ments; spikes peduncled or sessile, solitary 
at the ends of the branches, thick, dense, at 
first short and capitate, becoming 2-4’ long 
in fruit; bracts linear-subulate, about as long 
as or somewhat exceeding the calyx; calyx- 
teeth filiform-subulate; corolla 6’-9” long, 
purple or lilac, the limb 4’-7”" broad, the lobes 
emarginate or obcordate; fruit 13-2” long. 
On dry plains and prairies, South Dakota to 
Missouri, Texas and Chihuahua, west to Colo- 
rado and Arizona. May-Sept. 
2. LIPPIA Houst.; L. Sp. Pl. 633. 1753. 
Perennial herbs, or shrubs, with opposite, sometimes verticillate, or rarely alternate leaves, 
and small bracted flowers, in axillary or terminal, mostly peduncled spikes or heads. Calyx 
small, membranous, ovoid, campanulate or compressed and 2-winged, 2-4-toothed or 2-4-cleft. 
Corolla-tube straight or incurved, cylindric, the limb oblique, spreading, somewhat 2-lipped, 
4-cleft, the lobes broad, often retuse or eroded. Stamens 4, didynamous, included or exserted; 
anthers ovate, not appendaged, the sacs nearly parallel. Ovary 2-celled; ovules I in each 
cavity; style short; stigma oblique or recurved. Fruit dry, with a membranous exocarp, at 
length separating into 4 nutlets. [In honor of Auguste Lippi, 1678-1703, French naturalist.] 
About 110 species, most abundant in tropical and subtropical America, a few African. Besides 
the following, which by some authors are separated as a distinct genus (PHyza Lour.), about 6 
others occur in the southern United States. Type species: Lippia americana L. 
Leaves linear-cuneate to spatulate, 2-8-toothed ; peduncles little exceeding leaves. a. L. cuneifolia. 
Leaves sharply serrate; peduncles much longer than leaves. 
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, mostly acute. 2. L. lanceolata. 
Leaves spatulate or obovate, mostly obtuse. 3. L. nodiflora. 
