GENUS 20. MINT FAMILY. 123 
1. Ballota nigra L. Black or Fetid Hoarhound. 
Fig. 3614. 
Ballota nigra L. Sp. Pl. 582. 1753. 
Herbaceous, puberulent or pubescent, ill-scented; 
stem usually branched, erect, 13°-3° high, its hairs 
mostly reflexed. Leaves slender-petioled, ovate, or the 
lower nearly orbicular, acute or obtuse at the apex, 
coarsely dentate, thin, narrowed, truncate or subcor- 
date at the base, 1’-2’ long; clusters numerous, several- 
flowered, dense; bractlets subulate, somewhat shorter 
than the calyx; calyx about 4” long, its teeth lanceo- 
late, sharp, bristle-pointed, spreading in fruit; corolla 
6’-9” long, reddish-purple to whitish, its upper lip 
pubescént on both sides; nutlets shining. 
In waste places, eastern Massachusetts to Pennsylva- 
nia. Nattralized from Europe. June-Sept. Black arch- 
angel. Hairhound. Henbit. Bastard-hoarhound. 
a1. STACHYS [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 580. 1753. 
Annual or perennial glabrous pubescent or hirsute herbs, with small or rather large 
purple yellow red or white flowers, loosely verticillate-clustered in terminal dense or inter- 
rupted spikes, or also in the upper axils. Calyx mostly campanulate, 5-10-nerved, 5-toothed, 
the teeth nearly equal in our species. Corolla purple in our species, its tube narrow, not 
exceeding the calyx, the limb strongly 2-lipped; upper lip erect, concave, entire or emarginate; 
lower lip spreading, 3-cleft, the middle lobe broader than the lateral ones, sometimes 2-lobed. 
Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, the anterior pair the 
longer, sometimes deflexed or twisted after anthesis; anthers contiguous in pairs, 2-celled, 
the sacs mostly divergent. Ovary deeply 4-lobed; style 2-cleft at the summit into subulate 
lobes. Nutlets ovoid or oblong. [Greek, a spike, from the spicate inflorescence. ] 
About 160 species, of wide geographic distribution in the north temperate zone, a few in South 
America and South Africa. Besides the following, some 20 others occur in the southern and 
southwestern United States. Type species: Stachys germanica L. 
‘A, Perennials. 
1, Leaves, or some of them narrowed or acute at the base, linear to oblong or lanceolate. 
Stem glabrous or nearly so, sometimes sparingly hirsute on the angles; leaves nearly or quite 
entire. 
Leaves 1”-2%4” long, linear. 1. S. hyssopifolia. 
Leaves 2”-5” wide, oblong to linear-oblong. 2. S. atlantica. 
Stem retrorsely hirsute; leaves serrate. 
Stem hirsute only on the angles; leaves slightly pubescent. 3. S. ambigua. 
Stem densely hirsute all over; leaves densely pubescent. 4. S. arenicola. 
2, Leaves rounded, cordate or truncate at the base, oblong, ovate or lanceolate. 
Leaves all subsessile or short-petioled. : is 
Glabrous or very nearly so, the stem-angles sparsely bristly. 
Stem retrorsely hirsute; leaves pubescent. 
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate. 
Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate. — 
Leaves, at least the lower, slender-petioled. 
Stem glabrous, or nearly so. 
Stem retrorsely hirsute or villous. 
Petioles less than one-fourth as long as the blades. 
. S. latidens, 
. S. palustris. 
. S. Nuttallii. 
OoND Hn 
. S. tenuifolia. 
Pubescence hirsute. 9. S. aspera. 
Pubescence short, dense. 10. S. salvioides. 
Petioles, at least those of lower leaves, about one-half as long as the deeply cordate 
blades. 11. S. cordata, 
B, -Annuals. ; 
Plant low, hirsute. . 12, S. arvensis. 
Plant tall, densely villous. 13. S. germanica. 
