176 SCROPHULARIACEAE, Vou. III. 
2. Kickxia Elatine (L.) Dumort. Sharp-pointed 
Fluellin or Toad-Flax. Fig. 3741. 
Antirrhinum Elatine L. Sp. Pl. 612. 1753. 
Linaria Elatina Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, no. 16. 1768. 
Kickxia Elatine Dumont. Fl. Belg. 35. 1827. 
Elatinoides Elatine Wettst. in, Engl. & Prantl, Nat. PA. 
Fam. 4: Abt. 3b, 58. 1891. 
Annual, pubescent; stems prostrate, usually branched, 
slender, 6’-2° long. Leaves short-petioled, ovate, 3’-1’ 
long, acute or acutish at the apex, triangular, hastate, 
truncate, or subcordate at the base, the basal auricles 
divergent, acute; petioles 1”-3” long; flowers solitary 
in the axils, about 3” long; peduncles filiform, gla- 
brous, or somewhat hairy, usually longer than the 
leaves; calyx-segments narrowly lanceolate, acute; co- 
rolla yellowish, purplish beneath, its spur slender, 
straight, declined; capsule subglobose, shorter than the 
calyx; seeds wingless. 
In sandy waste places, Canada (?); Massachusetts to 
Georgia and Missouri. Naturalized from Europe. Na- 
tive also of Asia. Called also canker-root. June-Sept. 
4. CHAENORRHINUM [DC.] Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 2: 
577. 1870. 
Herbs with alternate, usually entire leaves, and violet, blue or white axillary flowers. 
Calyx 5-parted, the segments narrow. Corolla similar to that of Linaria, but with an open 
throat and a straight upper lip. Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments slender. Style filiform. 
Capsule inequilateral, one carpel larger than the other. Seeds ovoid or cuneate, ribbed. 
[Greek, open nose, referring to the open corolla-throat.] 
About 20 species, chiefly in the Mediterranean region and Asia. Type species: Antirrhinum 
minus L. 
1. Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange. Small Snap-dragon. Fig. 3742. 
Antirrhinum minus L. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 852. 1763. 
Linaria minor Desf. Fl. Atlant. 2: 46. 1800. 
Chaenorrhinum minus Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 
2: 579. 1870. 
Annual, glandular-pubescent all over; stem 5’-13’ tall, 
often branched. Leaves linear-spatulate to linear, mostly 
obtuse, 5’-15” long, narrowed at the base; flowers shorter 
than the pedicels, blue or bluish, 23’-4” long; calyx-seg- 
ments linear to linear-spatulate, somewhat shorter than the 
corolla; spur short and stout, much shorter than the body 
of the corolla; capsule globose-ovoid. 
Waste grounds and ballast, New Brunswick to New York, 
Pennsylvania and Michigan. Adventive from Europe. 
5. LINARIA [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr, 
Ed. 4. 1754. 
Herbs, some exotic species shrubby, with alternate entire 
dentate or lobed leaves, or the lower and those of sterile 
shoots opposite or verticillate, and yellow white blue purple 
or variegated flowers, in terminal bracted racemes or spikes. 
Calyx 5-parted, the segments imbricated. Corolla irregu- 
lar, spurred at the base, or the spur rarely obsolete, 2-lipped, 
the upper lip erect, 2-lobed, covering the lower in the bud, 
the lower spreading, 3-lobed, its base produced into a palate 
often nearly closing the throat. Stamens 4, didynamous, 
ascending, included; filaments and style filiform. Capsule ovoid or globose, opening by 1 
or more mostly 3-toothed pores or slits below the summit. Seeds numerous, wingless or 
winged, angled or rugose. [Latin, linwm, flax, which some species resemble.] 
About_150 species, of wide geographic distribution, most abundant in the Old World. Besides 
the following, another species occurs in Florida. The corolla, especially the terminal one of the 
raceme, occasionally has 5 spurs and is regularly 5-lobed, and is then said to be in the Peloria state. 
Type species: Antirrhinum Linaria L. 
Flowers yellow, 8”-15” long; leaves linear; flowers 12”-15” long. 
Leaves alternate. 1. L. Linaria. 
Lower leaves whorled. 2. L. supina. 
Flowers blue to white, 3”-6” long. 
Spur of corolla filiform, curved; native species. 3. L. canadensis. 
Spur of the corolla short, conic; European adventive species. 4. L. repens. 
