224 SCROPHULARIACEAE. Vor. III. 
40. MELAMPYRUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 605. 1753. 
Annual branching herbs, with opposite leaves, and small white yellow violet or variegated 
flowers, solitary in the upper axils, or in terminal bracted spikes. Calyx 4-toothed, the 2 
upper teeth somewhat the longer. Corolla irregular, 2-lipped, the tube narrow, gradually 
enlarged above, the upper lip compressed, obtuse or emarginate with a groove behind the 
margins, or these recurved or with a tooth on each side; lower lip spreading or ascending, 
3-toothed, 2-grooved beneath. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip; anther- 
sacs distinct, parallel obtuse or mucronulate at the base. Capsule flat, oblique, loculicidally 
dehiscent, 2-4-seeded. Seeds smooth, strophiolate. [Greek, black wheat.] 
About 10 species, all of the northern hemisphere. Only the following are known in North 
America. Type species: Melampyrum arvense L 
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, the floral 2-4-toothed at the base; capsule much longer than 
wide, long-beaked. . 1. M. lineare. 
Leaves ovate, all entire; capsule slightly longer than wide, short-beaked. 2. M. latifolium. 
1. Melampyrum lineare Lam. Narrow-leaved Cow-Wheat. Fig. 3856. 
Metampyrum lineare Lam. Encycl. 4: 22. 1797. 
M. americanum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 16, 1803. 
Puberulent; stem slender, obscurely 4-sided 
above, at length widely branched, 613° high. 
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate to ovate, 
short-petioled, acuminate or acute at the apex, 
narrowed, obtuse, or the upper truncate at the 
base, 1’-23’ long, 14”-6” wide, the lower entire, 
the upper floral ones ovate or lanceolate, with 
2-6 bristle-pointed teeth near the base or entire; 
flowers short-peduncled, 4”-6” long; calyx about 
one-third the length of the corolla, its subulate 
teeth longer than its tube; corolla white or whitish, 
puberulent, the lower lip yellow; capsule 4”-5” 
long, about 2” wide, twice as long as the calyx, 
long-beaked. 
In dry woods and thickets, Nova Scotia to British 
Columbia, south to Georgia, Tennessee, Iowa, Mon- 
tana and Idaho. Consists of several races, differing 
in leaf-form. Ascends 3500 ft. in Virginia. May— Aug. 
2. Melampyrum latifolium Muhl. Broad- 
leaved Cow-Wheat. Fig. 3857. 
Melampyrum latifolium Muhl. Cat. 57. 1813. 
Similar to the preceding, widely branched, 1°-14° 
high; but the leaves all entire, short-petioled, the lowest 
small, spatulate, obtuse, the middle ones lanceolate or 
ovate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, 2’-3’ long, the 
floral ovate or ovate-lanceolate, shorter, acute, mostly 
rounded at the base; corolla purple, veiny, larger; cap- 
sule little longer than wide, short-beaked. 
In dry woods, Delaware (according to Muhlenberg) ; 
spOuneAtOs of Virginia to Georgia and Tennessee. June— 
ug. ; 
