GENUS 2. BROOM-RAPE FAMILY. 
2. Orobanche minor J. E. Smith. Lesser 
or Clover Broom-rape. Herb-bane. 
Fig. 38709. 
O. minor J. E. Smith, Engl. Bot. pl. 422. 1797. 
Plant yellowish-brown; stem rather stout, sim- 
ple, 4’-20’ high; lower scales numerous, ovate- 
oblong, the upper lanceolate, acute, scattered, 
3-10” long. Spike dense, or the lower flowers 
separated, 3-8’ long; bracts 1 or 2, lanceolate, 
equalling or longer than the flowers; flowers 
5°-9" long; calyx split both above and below, 
each of the lateral segments 2-cleft, the teeth lan- 
ceolate-subulate; corolla-tube yellowish, scarcely 
constricted above the ovary, the limb bluish. 
Parasitic on the roots of clover, New Jersey to 
Virginia. Naturalized from Europe. Called also 
devil’s-root and hell-root. Strangle-tare. May-July. 
3. Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana 
Broom-rape. Fig. 3880. 
Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. Gen, 2: 58. 1818. 
Aphyllon ludovicianum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 585. 1876. 
Myzorrhiza ludoviciana Rydb.; Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 
1093. 1903. 
Stems stout, simple, solitary or clustered, viscid- 
puberulent, 4’-12’ high, scaly. Flowers 6-8” long, 
very numerous in dense terminal spikes, I-2-bracteo- 
late under the calyx; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes some- 
what unequal, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, longer 
than the corolla-tube, or shorter; corolla 2-lipped, 
purplish, its tube narrow, about twice as long as the 
limb, the teeth of its lips acute; anthers woolly; 
capsule ovoid-oblong, shorter than the calyx. 
v In sandy soil, Illinois to South Dakota, Saskatche- 
wan, Nebraska, Texas, Arizona and California. Strangle tare. ‘ June-Aug. 
3. CONOPHOLIS Wallr. Orobanch. 78. 1825. 
An erect stout simple glabrous, densely scaly, light brown herb, parasitic on the roots of 
trees, with yellowish flowers 2-bracteolate under the calyx, in a thick dense bracted spike, 
the bracts similar to the scales of the stem. Calyx oblique, deeply split on the lower side, 
3-4-toothed on the upper. Corolla strongly 2-lipped, the tube slightly curved, the upper lip 
concave, nearly erect, emarginate, the lower spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens exserted; anther- 
sacs bristly pubescent. Placentae about equidistant; stigma capitate, obscurely 2-lamellate. 
Capsule ovoid-globose. [Greek, signifying a 
scaly cone.] 
Three known species, the following typical one 
of eastern North America, the other southwestern 
and Mexican. 
1. Conopholis americana (L. f.) Wallr. 
Squaw-root. Fig. 3881. 
Orobanche americana L. f. Suppl. 88. 1767. 
Conopholis americana Wallr. Orobanch. 78. 1825. 
Plants 3-10’ high from a thickened base, light 
brown, usually clustered, covered all over with 
stiff imbricated scales. Upper scales lanceolate 
or ovate, acute, 6’-10” long, the lowest much 
shorter; flowers about 3’ long, exceedingly nu- 
merous in the dense spike which is 6-10” thick; 
corolla pale yellow, somewhat exceeding the ca- 
lyx; anthers sagittate; capsule ovoid-globose, 
4’as” high. 
In rich woods at bases of trees, Maine to On- 
tario, Michigan, Florida, Alabama and Tennessee. 
Cancer-root. Earth-club. Clap-wort. April—Aug. 
