GENUS 3. MADDER FAMILY. 255 
3. CEPHALANTHUS L. Sp. Pl. 95. 1753. 
Shrubs, or small trees, with opposite or verticillate short-petioled entire leaves, and 
terminal or axillary, densely capitate, bracteolate small white or yellow flowers. Calyx-tube 
obpyramidal, its limb with 4 obtuse lobes. Corolla tubular-funnelform, with 4 short erect 
or spreading lobes. Stamens 4, inserted on the throat of the corolla; filaments very short; 
anthers oblong, 2-cuspidate at the base. Ovary 2-celled; ovules solitary in each cavity, pen- 
dulous; style filiform, exserted; stigma capitate. Fruit dry, obpyramidal, 1-2-seeded. Endo- 
sperm cartilaginous; cotyledons linear-oblong. [Greek, head-flower.] 
About 6 species, natives of America and Asia. The following, here taken as typical, is the only 
one known to occur in North America, unless the southwestern and Mexican plant proves to be 
istinct. 
1. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Button- 
bush. Button-tree. Honey-balls. 
Globe-flower. Fig. 3923. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. 95. 1753. 
A shrub 3°-12° high, or sometimes a tree, 
up to 20° high, with opposite or verticillate 
leaves and branches, glabrous, or somewhat 
pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate or oval, en- 
tire, acuminate or acute at the apex, rounded 
or narrowed at the base, 3-6’ long, 1-24’ wide; 
peduncles 1-3’ long; heads globose, about 1’ 
in diameter, the receptacle pubescent; flowers 
sessile, white, 4-6” long; style very slender, 
about twice the length of the corolla; calyx- 
tube prolonged beyond the ovary. 
In swamps, and low grounds, New Brunswick 
to western Ontario and Wisconsin, Florida, Texas, 
Arizona and California. Pond dogwood. Button- 
wood shrub. Box. Pin-ball. Little snowball. 
Button- or crane willow. Swamp-wood. River- 
or crouper-bush. June--Sept. 
4. MITCHELLA L. Sp. Pl. rrr. 1753. 
Creeping herbs, with opposite petioled, entire or undulate, evergreen leaves, and white 
axillary or terminal peduncled geminate dimorphous flowers, their ovaries united. Calyx- 
tube ovoid, the limb 3-6-lobed (usually 4-lobed). Corolla funnelform, usually 4-lobed, the 
lobes recurved, bearded on the inner side. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and 
inserted on its throat; filaments short and style exserted, or filaments exserted and style short. 
Ovary 4-celled; stigmas 4, short, filiform; ovules I in each cavity, erect, anatropous. Fruit 
composed of 2 united drupes usually containing 8 roundish nutlets. Seed erect; cotyledons 
short, obtuse; embryo minute. [Named after Dr. John Mitchell, botanist and correspondent 
of Linnaeus in Virginia.] 
Two species, the following typical one North American, the other Japanese. 
1. Mitchella répens L. Partridge-berry. Twin-berry. Fig. 3924. 
Mitchella repens L. Sp. Pl. 111. 1753. 
Stems slender, trailing, rooting at the 
nodes, 6-12’ long, branching, glabrous, or 
very slightly pubescent. Leaves ovate-or- 
bicular, petioled, obtuse at the apex, round- 
ed or somewhat cordate at the base, 3’’-10” 
long, pinnately veined, dark green, shining; 
peduncles shorter than the leaves, bearing 
2 sessile white flowers at the summit; co- 
rolla 5”’-6” long; drupes red (rarely white), 
broader than high, 2”-4” in diameter, per- 
sistent through the winter, edible. 
In woods, Nova Scotia to Florida, west to 
western Ontario, Minnesota, Arkansas and 
Texas. April-June, sometimes flowering a 
second time in the autumn. Hive- or squaw- 
vine. Checker-berry. Deer-berry. Fox- or box- 
berry. Partridge-vine. Winter-clover. Chicken-, 
cow-, pigeon-, snake- or tea-berry. Two-eyed- 
or one-berry. Squaw-plum. Leaves often whit- 
ish-veined ; flower-buds pink. Ascends to 5000 
ft. in Virginia. 
