GENUS 7. MADDER FAMILY. 259 
3. Galium tricérne Stokes. Rough-fruited Corn 
Bedstraw. Fig. 3930. 
Galium tricorne Stokes; With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. Ed. 2, 1: 
753. 1787. 
Rather stout, decumbent or ascending, 6-12’ high, 
simple, or little branched. Stem rough with reflexed 
prickles; leaves in 6’s or 8’s, linear or narrowly oblan- 
ceolate, 1’ long or less, 13’-2” wide, mucronate, rough 
on the margins and midrib; peduncles axillary, shorter 
than the leaves; pedicels thickened and curved down- 
ward in fruit; cymes axillary, usually 3- (1-3-) flow- 
ered; fruit tuberculate or granular, not hispid, 4’’-5” 
broad. ; 
In waste places, Ontario, and in ballast about the eastern 
seaports. May-Aug. 
4. Galium Aparine L. Cleavers. Goose-grass. 
Cleaver-wort. Fig. 3931. 
' Galium Aparine L. Sp. Pl. 108. 1753. 
Annual, weak, scrambling over bushes, 2°-5° long, 
the stems retrorsely hispid on the angles. Leaves in 
_ 6's or 8’s, oblanceolate to linear, cuspidate at the apex, 
1-3’ long, 2’-5’” wide, the margins and midrib very 
rough; flowers in 1-3-flowered cymes in the upper axils; 
peduncles 5”-12” long; fruiting pedicels straight; 
fruit 2”-3” broad, densely covered with short hooked 
bristles. 
In various situations, New Brunswick to Ontario, South 
Dakota, Florida and Texas. Bermuda. Apparently in part 
naturalized from Europe. Widely distributed in temperate 
regions as a weed. May-Sept. Among some 70 other Eng- 
lish names-are catchweed, beggar-lice, burhead, claver-grass, 
cling-rascal, scratch-grass, wild hedge-burs, hairif or airif, 
stick-a-back, or stickle-back, gosling-grass, gosling-weed, 
turkey-grass, pigtail, grip- or grip-grass, loveman, sweet- 
hearts, scratch-weed, poor robin. 
5. Galium Vaillantii DC. Vaillant’s Goose-grass 
or Cleavers. Fig. 3932. 
Galium Vaillantii*DC. Fl. France 4: 263. 1805. 
Galium Aparine var. Vaillantii Koch, Fl. Germ. 330. 1837. 
Similar to the preceding species but smaller, the stem 
equally rough-angled. Leaves smaller, 1’ in length or 
less, linear-oblong or slightly oblanceolate, cuspidate- 
pointed, rough on the margins and midrib; cymes 2-9- 
flowered; fruit 1-13” broad, usually less hispid. 
‘In low grounds, Ontario to British: Columbia, Missouri, 
Arizona and to California. Europe. The European G. 
spurium L., to which this plant was referred in the first 
edition, appears to have uniformly smooth fruit. 
