GENUS 7. MADDER FAMILY. 263 
x5. Galium Molltigo L. Wild Madder. White 
or Great Hedge Bedstraw. Fig. 3942. 
Galium Mollugo L. Sp. Pl. 107. 1753. 
Perennial, glabrous or nearly so throughout. Stems 
smooth, erect, or diffusely branched, 1°-3° long; leaves 
in 6’s or 8's, oblanceolate or linear, cuspidate at the apex, 
6-15” long, 1-2’ wide, sometimes roughish on the 
margins; flowers small, white, very numerous in termi- 
nal panicled cymes; pedicels filiform, divaricate; fruit 
smooth and glabrous, nearly 1” broad. 
In fields and waste places, Newfoundland to Vermont, 
Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Virginia. Naturalized 
from Europe. Called also whip-tongue. Infants’- or babies’- 
breath. May-Sept. 
Galium eréctum Huds., also European, differs slightly 
by having somewhat larger flowers on ascending pedicels, 
and is adventive in fields from Quebec to Connecticut and 
New York. 
16. Galium sylvaticum L. Wood Bedstraw. 
Fig. 3943. 
G. sylvaticum L. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 155. 1762. 
Perennial, erect, 2°-3° tall; stems several or many, 
shining, obtusely 4-angled, glabrous, or slightly pu- 
bescent, not scabrous. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- 
lanceolate, pale beneath, whorled in 8's or 6’s, or 
those of the branches in 4’s, or opposite, the larger 
sometimes 2’ long; panicles large; pedicels filiform, 
erect-spreading in fruit; flowers white; corolla-lobes 
apiculate; fruit smooth. 
Fields and thickets, Maine and Vermont, escaped from 
cultivation. Native of Europe. June-July. 
Galium tinctorium L. Sp. Pl. 106. 1753. : f > 
Galium trifidum var. latifolium Torr. Fl. N. & Mid. & 
States, 78. 1826. 
Galium tinctorium filifolium Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 
24: 397. 1897. 
Perennial; stem erect, 6-15’ high, rather stiff, 
branched almost to the base, the branches com- 
monly solitary, strict (not irregularly diffuse), sev- 
eral times forked; stem 4-angled, nearly glabrous; 
leaves commonly in 4’s, linear to lanceolate, 2’-1’ 
long, mostly broadest below the middle, obtuse, ° 
cuneate at the base, dark green and dull, not papil- 
lose, I-nerved, the margins and midrib roughish ; 
flowers terminal in clusters of 2 or 3; pedicels slen- 
der, not much divaricate in fruit; corolla white, 
large, 1-12” broad, 4-parted, its lobes oblong, acute; 
disk large; fruit smooth; seed spherical, hollow. \ aN 
annular in cross-section. i 3 i 
Damp shady places, wet meadows and swamps, Quebec to North Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, 
Michigan, Nebraska and Arizona. May-July. 
