276 CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Vor. III. 
other with a single oblong seed. Endosperm fleshy; embryo cylindric. [Named by Grono- 
vius for Linnaeus, with whom the plant was a favorite.] 
Three or four species, of the north temperate zone. 
Type species: Linnaea borealis L., of Europe. 
1. Linnaea americana Forbes. Twin-flower. 
Ground-vine. Deer-vine. Fig. 3975. 
Linnaea americana Forbes, Hort. Woburn. 135. 1825. 
L. borealis var. americana Rehder, Rhodora 6: 56. 1904. 
Branches slender, slightly pubescent, trailing, 6’-2° 
long. Petioles 1’-2” long; leaves obscurely crenate, 
thick, 3-8” wide, sometimes wider than long; 
peduncles slender, erect, 2-bracted at the summit, 
2-flowered (or rarely proliferously 4-flowered) ; 
pedicels filiform, 3’-10” long, 2-bracteolate at the 
summit; flowers nodding, 4”’-6” long, fragrant; 
corolla funnelform; calyx-segments about 1” long; 
ovary subtended by a pair of ovate glandular scales 
which are connivent over the fruit or adnate to it. 
In cold woods, mountains of Maryland, New Jersey, 
Long Island, north to Newfoundland, west through Brit- 
ish America to Alaska and Vancouver, south to Mich- 
igan, in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado and in the 
Sierra Nevada to California. Has been considered 
identical with the similar L. borealis L. of Europe and 
Asia, which has a nearly bell-shaped corolla and longer 
calvx. Twin sisters. Two-eyed berries. June—Aug. 
5. SYMPHORICARPOS [Dill.] Ludwig, Def. 35. 1760. 
Shrubs, with opposite deciduous short-petioled simple leaves, and small white or pink, 
perfect flowers, in axillary or terminal clusters. Calyx-tube nearly globular, the limb 
4-5-toothed. Corolla campanulate or salverform, regular, or sometimes gibbous at the base, 
4-5-lobed, glabrous or pilose in the throat; stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the corolla. Ovary 
4-celled, 2 of the cavities containing several abortive ovules, the other two each with a single 
suspended ovule; style filiform; stigma capitate, or 2-lobed. Fruit an ovoid or globose 
4-celled 2-seeded berry. Seeds oblong; endosperm fleshy; embryo minute. [Greek, fruit 
borne together, from the clustered berries. ] 
About 10 species, natives of North America and the mountains of Mexico. Known as St. 
Peter’s-wort. Type species: Lonicera Symphoricarpos L. 
Fruit white; style glabrous. 
Stamens and style included; clusters usually few-flowered. 1. S.racemosus,. 
Stamens and style somewhat exserted ; clusters many-flowered. 2. S. occidentalis. 
Fruit red; style bearded. 3. S. Symphoricarpos. 
1. Symphoricarpos racemésus Michx. Snowberry. Wax-berry. Fig. 3976. 
Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. FI. Bor. 
Am. 1: 107. 1803. 
S. racemosus var. pauciflorus Robbins; A. 
Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 203. 1867. 
S. pauciflorus Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 
305. 1894. 
An erect or diffuse shrub, 1°-4° high, 
glabrous, or usually so, the branches 
slender. Petioles about 2” long; leaves 
oval, obtuse at each end, sometimes 
pubescent or whitened beneath, 3-2’ 
long, entire, undulate, or those of young 
shoots sometimes dentate; axillary 
clusters few-flowered, the terminal one 
mostly interruptedly spicate; corolla 
campanulate, about 3” long, slightly gib- 
bous at the base, bearded within; style 
glabrous; stamens and style included; 
berry snow-white, globose, loosely cellu- 
lar, 24-5” in diameter. 
In rocky places and on river shores, 
Nova Scotia and Quebec to British Colum- 
bia, south to Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Min- f 
nesota, South Dakota, Montana and in 
California. Commonly planted and some- 
times escaped from cultivation. Races differ 
in size, habit and pubescence. Snowdrop- 
berry. Egg-plant. June-Sept. 
