GENUS 1. VALERIAN FAMILY. 285 
2. Valeriana édulis Nutt. Edible Valer- 
ian. Tobacco-root. Fig. 3996. 
V. edulis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 48. 1841. 
Erect, 1°-4° high, from a deep fusiform 
carrot-shaped root. Stem glabrous, or nearly 
so, the young leaves commonly more or less 
pubescent and the older ones finely ciliate, 
sometimes glabrous; basal leaves spatulate or 
oblanceolate, thick, 3’-12’ long, 2’-10” wide, 
obtuse at the apex, narrowed into a margined 
petiole, parallel-veined, entire or with a few 
obtuse entire lobes; stem leaves few, sessile, 
pinnately-parted into linear or lanceolate seg- 
ments; flowers yellowish-white, small (2”), 
polygamo-dioecious, paniculate, the inflores- 
cence at length widely branching; bracts 
lanceolate, short; fruit narrowly ovate, gla-% 
brous or nearly so, 2” long, at length exceeded 
by the plumose calyx-teeth. , 
In wet open places, Ontario to British Colum- 
bia, south to Ohio, Iowa, Wisconsin, and in the 
Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico. 
Called also oregon tobacco; the root cooked for 
food. May—Aug. 3. Valeriana uligindsa (T. & G.) Rydb. 
Marsh or Swamp Valerian. Fig 3997. 
Valeriana dioica Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 727. 1814. 
Not L. 1753. 
V. sylvatica uliginosa T.& G. FI.N.A.2: 47, 1841. 
V. uliginosa Rydb.; Britton, Man. 878. 1901. 
Erect, glabrous or very nearly so through- 
out, 823° high. Rootstocks creeping or 
ascending; basal leaves thin, petioled, oblong 
or spatulate, obtuse, entire, or with a few 
obtuse lobes, reticulate-veined, 2’-10’ long, 
3-18’ wide; stem leaves 2-4 pairs, petioled, 
pinnately parted into 3-15 ovate to lanceolate, 
dentate or entire, acute or obtuse segments; in- 
florescence cymose-paniculate, at length loosely 
branched; flowers pink or nearly white, 3-4” 
long, about 2” wide; bracts linear-lanceolate; 
fruit ovate, glabrous, 13” long. 
In wet soil, Quebec to New York, Ontario and 
Michigan. American wild valerian. Referred, in 
our first edition, to the following northern and 
western species. May—Aug. 
4. Valeriana septentriondlis Rydb. North- 
ern Valerian. Fig. 3998. 
Valeriana sylvatica Banks; Richards. App. Frank. 
Journ. Ed. 2, 2. 1823. Not F. W. Schmidt. 
Valeriana septentrionalis Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. 1: 376. 1900. 
Erect, 8-16’ high, glabrous, or the inflores- 
cence minutely pubescent. Basal leaves spatu- 
late or oval, 4’ long or less, entire; stem leaves 
usually 3 pairs, the segments 5-7, oval to linear- 
lanceolate, entire, or undulate-margined; in- 
florescence cymose-paniculate, dense; flowers 
white, about 14” wide; fruit 14’-2” long, gla- 
brous. 
In wet soil, Newfoundland to British Columbia, 
south in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. 
Summer. 3 
