Genus 1. : TEASEL FAMILY. 289 
shaped, 4-toothed or 4-lobed. Corolla oblique or 2-lipped, 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma 
oblique or lateral. Achene free from or adnate to the involucel. (Greek, to thirst, the 
leaves of some species holding water.] 
About 15 species, natives of the Old World. Type species: Dipsacus fullonum L. 
Scales of the receptacle straight-pointed. 1. D. sylvestris. 
Scales of the receptacle hooked at the apex. 2. D. fullonum. 
1. Dipsacus sylvéstris Huds. Wild, Common or Card Teasel. F ig. 4006. 
Dipsacus fullonum L, Sp. Pl. 97. In part. 1753. 
Dipsasus sylvestris Huds. Fl. Angl. 49. 1762. 
Biennial, stout, with numerous short prickles on 
the stem, branches, peduncles, midribs of the leaves 
and involucre, otherwise glabrous or nearly s0, 
3°-6° high. Leaves sessile, or the upper ones con- 
nate-perfoliate, lanceolate or oblong, the upper 
acuminate and generally entire, the lower obtuse 
or obtusish, crenate or sometimes pinnatifid at 
the base, often 1° long; heads at first ovoid, be- 
coming cylindric, at length 3’-4’ long; flowers lilac, 
4-6” long; leaves of the involucre linear, curved 
upward, as long as the head or longer; scales of 
the receptacle ovate, tipped with a long straight 
subulate barbed awn, usually exceeding the flowers. 
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In waste places, Maine and Ontario to North Caro- 
lina, west to Michigan. Naturalized from Europe and 
native also of Asia. July-Sept. Other English names 
are Venus’-bath or -cup; wood- or church-brooms; 
shepherds’-staff ; card- or water-thistle; gipsy-combs; 
hutton-weed. Indian’s-thistle. Prickly-back. Adam’s- 
flannel. 
2. Dipsacus full6num L. Fuller’s or 
Draper’s Teasel. Fuller’s Thistle. 
Fig. 4007. 
Dipsacus fullonum L. Sp. Pl. 97. 1753. 
Dipsacus fullonum var. sativus L. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 1677. 
1763. 
Similar to the preceding species. Leaves of the 
involucre, or some of them, shorter than the heads, 
spreading or at length reflexed; scales of the 
receptacle with hooked tips, about equalling the 
flowers, which are usually paler than in D. syl- 
vestris. 
About wool mills, Eastern and Middle States, rare. 
Fugitive from Europe, and perhaps nowhere per- 
manently established within our range. Other Eng- 
lish names are clothiers’ brush, Venus’-bath or -cup. 
Generally regarded as probably a cultivated variety 
of the preceding species, as it is not found wild, ex- 
cept as an evident escape. 
Dipsacus laciniatus L., with pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ciliate leaves, those of the involucre 
spreading, has been found at Albany, New York. Fugitive or adventive from Europe. 
2. SCABIOSA [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 98. 1753. 
Herbs, with opposite leaves, no prickles, and blue pink or white flowers in peduncled 
involucrate heads. Bracts of the involucre herbaceous, separate, or slightly united at the 
base. Scales of the pubescent receptacle none. Involucels compressed, the margins often 
minutely 4-toothed. Calyx-limb 5-10-awned. Limb of the corolla 4—-5-cleft, oblique or 2-lipped. 
Stamens 4 (rarely 2). Stigma oblique or lateral. Achene more or less adnate to the invo- 
lucel, crowned with the persistent calyx. [Latin, scale, from its repute as a remedy for scaly 
eruptions ] 
About 75 species, natives of the Old World. Type species: Scabiosa arvensis L. 
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