GENUS 1. CHICORY FAMILY. 395 
Pappus of rounded scales, with or without an inner series of bristles. 
Bracts of the involucre 9-18, reflexed in fruit, not keeled; pappus-bristles usually more 
numerous than the scales. 
Annuals ; pappus-scales 5, obovate or rounded. 4. Krigia. 
Perennials ; pappus-scales 10-15, linear or oblong, minute. 5. Cynthia, 
Bracts of the involucre 5-8, erect in fruit, keeled; pappus-bristles and scales 3. 
: . 6. Cymbia. 
Bracts of the involucre thickened and keeled after flowering ; pappus none. 7, Arnoseris. 
** Pappus, at least some of it, of plumose bristles. 
Receptacle chaffy. 8. Hypochaeris. 
Receptacle naked. 
Plume-branches of the pappus not interwebbed. 
Flowers yellow; plants scapose, the leaves basal. 9. Apargia. 
Flowers yellow; plants leafy-stemmed. 10. Picris. 
Flowers pink, 11. Ptiloria. 
Plume-branches of the pappus interwebbed. 12. Tragopogon. 
*** Pappus of simple bristles or of some soft white scales. 
t Receptacle with a few deciduous bristles; flowers yellow 13. Malacothrix. 
tt Receptacle naked. 
1. Achenes spinulose, or with short processes near the summit. 
Heads few- (6-15-) flowered, yellow; stem branching. 14. Chondrilla. 
Heads many-flowered, yellow, solitary on scapes. 15. Leontodon. 
2. Achenes smooth, or papillose, not spinulose toward the summit. 
(a) Achenes flattened. 
Achenes truncate, not beaked ; flowers yellow. 16. Sonchus, 
Achenes narrowed at the summit, or beaked; flowers blue or yellow. 17. Lactuca. 
(b) Achenes cylindric, or prismatic. 
Achenes terete, not narrowed either at the base or summit; flowers pink or purple. 18. Lygodesmia. 
Achenes narrowed at the base, narrowed or beaked at the summit; flowers yellow. 
Achenes slender-beaked. 
Pappus-bristles not surrounded by a villous ring at base. 19. Agoseris. 
Pappus-bristles surrounded by a villous white ring at base. 20, Sitilias, 
Achenes merely narrowed above, not beaked. 21. Crepis. 
Achenes narrowed at the base, otherwise columnar, truncate (except in 2 species of Hieracium). 
Flowers yellow, orange, or red. 22. Hieracium. 
Flowers white, cream-color, or purple. 23. Nabalus. 
1. CICHORIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 813. 1753. 
Erect branching herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, those of the stem and branches 
usually very small and bract-like, and large heads of blue purple pink or white flowers, 
peduncled, or in sessile clusters along the branches. Involucre of 2 series of herbaceous 
bracts, the outer somewhat spreading, the inner erect and subtending, or partly enclosing, 
the outer achenes. Receptacle flat, naked, or slightly fimbrillate. Rays truncate and 
5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender, obtusish. 
Achenes 5-angled or 5-ribbed, truncate, not beaked. Pappus of 2 or 3 series of short blunt 
scales. [From the Arabic name.] 
About 8 species, natives of the Old World, the following typical. 
1. Cichorium Intybus L. Chicory. Wild Succory. 
Blue Sailors. Bunk. Fig. 4042. 
Cichorium Intybus L. Sp. Pl. 813. 1753. 
Cichorium Intybus divaricatum DC. Prodr. 7: 84. 1838. 
Perennial from a long deep tap-root; stems slightly 
hispid, stiff, much branched, 1°-3° high. Basal leaves 
spreading, runcinate-pinnatifid, dentate or lobed, spatulate, 
3-6’ long, narrowed into long petioles; upper leaves much 
smaller, lanceolate or oblong, lobed or entire, clasping and 
auricled at the base; heads numerous, 17-13’ broad, 1-4 \ 
together in sessile clusters on the nearly naked or bracted 
branches, or sometimes peduncled; inner bracts of the 
involucre about 8; flowers blue, or sometimes white. 
Roadsides, fields and waste places, Nova Scotia to Minne- 
sota, Washington, North Carolina, Kansas, Colorado and Cali- 
fornia. Bermuda. The ground-up root is used as a substitute 
or adulterant for coffee. Heads usually closed by noon, The 
flowers sometimes bear supplementary rays. Blue daisy or 
dandelion. Coffee-weed. Bachelor’s-buttons. Consists of sev- 
eral races. July—Oct. 
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