GENUS 7. CHICORY FAMILY. 
1. Arnoseris minima (L.) Dumort. Lamb 
Succory. Fig. 4049. 
Hyoseris minima L. Sp. Pl. 879. 1753. 
Arnoseris pusilla Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 355. 1791. 
Arnoseris minima Dumort. Fl. Belg. 63. 1827. 
Scapes slender, 3’-12’ high, leafless, simple, 
or with 1-4 branches mostly above the middle, f 
gradually thickened and hollow upward fora space 
of an inch or more below the heads. Leaves 
oblanceolate, obovate, or oblong, 1-3’ long, 3-10” 
wide, usually coarsely and sharply toothed, nar- 
rowed into margined petioles; heads 8” broad, or 
less; bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, 
acuminate, strongly keeled after flowering, 2’-4 
long, curving over the achenes. 
Fields and waste grounds, Maine to Ontario and 
Michigan. Adventive from Europe. Also called dwarf 
swine’s- or hog’s-succory ; dwarf nipplewort. Summer. 
8 HYPOCHAERIS [Vaill.] L. Sp. 
Pl. 810. 1753. 
Mostly perennial herbs, with scapose, often > 
branched stems and mostly basal tufted leaves, 
pinnatifid to entire, those of the scapes few, scale-like, very small, or none. Heads mostly 
large, long-peduncled. Flowers yellow. Involucre oblong-cylindric to campanulate, its bracts 
herbaceous, imbricated in several series, appressed, the outer smaller. Receptacle flat, chaffy. 
Anthers sagittate. Style-branches slender, obtusish. Achenes oblong to linear, 10-ribbed, 
somewhat narrowed below, contracted above into a long or short beak, or the outer truncate. 
Pappus of I row of plumose bristles, sometimes with some shorter simple ones. [Greek, for 
pigs, which are fond of its roots.] 
About 50 species, natives of Europe, Asia and South America. Type species: Hypochaeris 
glabra L. 
1. Hypochaeris radicata L. Long- 
rooted Cat’s-ear. Gosmore. 
Fig. 4050. 
Hypochaeris radicata L. Sp. Pl. 811. 1753. 
Perennial; stems several together, glabrous, 
slender, 1°-2° high, bracted, or rarely simple, 
bearing a few scales. Leaves spreading on the 
ground, oblanceolate to obovate in outline, 
pinnatifid-lobed to dentate, 2’-6’ long, hirsute 
on both sides; involucre oblong-cylindric, 
about 1’ high, its bracts glabrous, or sparingly 
pubescent; heads 1’ broad or more; chaff of 
the receptacle of narrow soft f-ointed scales; 
achenes rough, all with very slender beaks 
longer than the body; flowers longer than the 
involucre. 
In waste places, Ontario to New York, southern 
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Also in Califor- 
nia, Oregon, Washington and Colorado. Jamaica. 
Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Native 
also of Asia. May-—Oct. 
Hypochaeris glabra L., the smooth cat’s-ear, a 
smaller species, with nearly or quite glabrous 
leaves, flowers scarcely longer than the involucre, 
and the outer achenes truncate, has been found 
iralized on the Pacific Coast. 
9. APARGIA Scop. Fl. Carn. Ed. 2, 2: 113. 1772. 
Perennial scapose herbs, with tufted basal, mostly pinnatifid leaves, branched and scaly, 
or simple and naked scapes, and large heads of yellow flowers, solitary at the end of the 
scape or of its branches. Involucre ovoid or oblong, its principal bracts in I or 2 series, 
nearly equal, with several series of short outer ones. Receptacle flat, fimbrillate, villous, or 
somewhat honeycombed. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the 
base. Style-branches slender. Achenes oblong or linear, finely striate, contracted or beaked 
at the summit. Pappus of 1 or 2 series of plumose persistent brownish bristles, somewhat 
broadened at the base, or the outer scale-like and simple. [Greek, from the growth of these 
plants on unused land.] 
