GENUS Io. CHICORY FAMILY. 3il 
10. PICRIS L. Sp. Pl. 792. 1753. 
Erect hispid, mostly branching, leafy herbs, with alternate leaves (in our species), and 
rather large, usually corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers. Involucre campanulate 
or cup-shaped, its principal bracts in 1 series, nearly equal, with 2-3 series of small or large 
exterior spreading ones. Receptacle flat, short-fimbrillate. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at 
the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes linear or oblong, 
somewhat incurved, terete or angled, 5-10-ribbed and transversely wrinkled, narrowed at the 
base and summit, or beaked in some species. Pappus of I or 2 series of slender plumose 
bristles. [Greek, bitter.] 
About 35 species, natives of the Old World, one perhaps indigenous in Alaska. Type species: 
Picris aspienioides L. 
Outer involucral bracts linear; achenes not beaked. 1. P. hieracioides. 
Outer involucral bracts ovate, foliaceous ; achenes short-beaked. 2. P. echioides. 
1. Picris hieracioides L. Hawkweed 
Picris. Fig. 4054. 
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iy 
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Picris hieracioides L. Sp. Pl. 792. 1753. 
Biennial, more or less hispid, much 
branched, 1°-3° high. Leaves lanceolate 
or oblong-lanceolate, dentate, or nearly en- 
tire, the basal narrowed into petioles, acute, 
often 6’ long, those of the stem mostly 
sessile and smaller; heads numerous, 3’-1’ 
broad; involucre 4-6” high, its outer 
bracts linear, subulate, spreading, the inner 
linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; pappus copious, 
nearly white. : 
In waste places, Illinois, Pennsylvania, New . 
Jersey, and in ballast about the seaports. 
Adventive from Europe. Native also of Asia. 
Very bitter. June-Sept. Old name lang-de- 
beef. 
2. Picris echioides L. Bristly Ox- 
tongue. Fig. 4055. 
Picris echinoides L. Sp. Pl. 792. 1753. 
Helmintha echinoides Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 
368. 1802. 
Annual or biennial, branched, hispid; stem 
about 23° high. Basal and lower leaves spatu- 
late or oblong, obtuse, repand-dentate, 2’-6’ 
long, narrowed into petioles; upper leaves 
sessile and clasping, oblong or lanceolate, 
smaller, the uppermost mainly acute and en- 
tire; heads numerous, rather crowded, short- 
peduncled, about 4’ broad; outer bracts of the 
involucre 4 or 5, foliaceous, ovate, acute, 
hispid-ciliate, the inner ones lanceolate, mem- 
branous; achenes beaked. 
In waste places, Nova Scotia and Ontario to 
Pennsylvania, and in ballast about the seaports. 
Also in California. Adventive from Europe. July— 
Sept. Called also bugloss and bugloss-picris. 
