316 CICHORIACEAE. Vor. II. 
3. Leontodon erythrospérmum (Andrz.) Britton. Red-seeded Dandelion. 
Fig. 4064. 
en Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. in Bess. Enum. 
XQ Pl. Vilh. 75. 1821. 
Ss A 
Similar to the two preceding species, the leaves 
glabrous, very deeply runcinate-pinnatifid or pin- 
nately divided into narrower triangular-lanceolate 
usually long-pointed segments; scapes glabrous, 
or pubescent above; heads rarely more than 1’ 
broad, 70-90-flowered; bracts of the involucre 
glaucous, the outer lanceolate, spreading or as- 
cending, the inner linear, longer, each usually 
with an appendage just below the tip; flowers 
sulphur-yellow, the outer rays purplish without; 
achenes narrower, bright red, or red-brown, spin- 
ulose above, the filiform beak not more than twice 
their length; pappus dirty white. 
In fields and woods, Maine and Vermont to New 
York, Pennsylvania, Ontario, Alberta, Illinois and 
Wyoming. Naturalized from Europe. April-June. 
April-June. 
16. SONCHUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 793. 1753. 
Annual or perennial succulent herbs, with alternate, mostly auriculate-clasping, entire 
dentate lobed or pinnatifid, prickly-margined leaves, and large or middle-sized, peduncled 
corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers. Involucre ovoid or campanulate, usually 
becoming thickened and more or less conic at the base when old, its bracts herbaceous or 
membranous, imbricated in several series, the outer successively smaller. Receptacle flat, 
naked. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style- 
branches slender. Achenes oval, oblong, or linear, more or less flattened, 10-20-ribbed, 
somewhat narrowed at the base, truncate. Pappus of very copious soft white simple capillary 
bristles, usually falling away connected, sometimes with I or 2 stouter ones which fall sepa- 
rately. [The Greek name of the Sow-thistle.] 
About 45 species, natives of the Old World. Besides the following, another occurs on the 
Pacific Coast. Type species: Sonchus oleraceus L. 
Involucre glandular-pubescent ; heads nearly 1’ high. 1. S. arvensis, 
Involucre glabrous ; heads 6”—8” high. 
Auricles of the leaves acute; achenes striate and transversely wrinkled. 2. S. oleraceus. 
Auricles rounded ; achenes ribbed, not transversely wrinkled. 3. S. asper. 
1. Sonchus arvénsis L. Corn Sow-Thistle. 
Milk Thistle. Fig. 4065. 
Sonchus arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 793. 1753. 
Perennial by deep roots and creeping rootstocks, 
glabrous; stem leafy below, paniculately branched 
and nearly naked above, 2°-4° high. Lower and 
basal leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, often 12’ long, 
spinulose-dentate, narrowed into short petioles, the 
upper pinnatifid or entire, lanceolate, clasping; heads 
several or numerous, corymbose-paniculate, 1/-2’ 
broad, bright yellow, very showy; involucre nearly 
SSS 
me 
1’ high, its bracts as also the peduncles glandular- MK) Mi 
bristly; achenes oblong, compressed, with about 10 VWs 
rugose longitudinal ribs. iy 
~ 
iY Ws 
In_low grounds, fields and waste places, New Jersey We 
to Quebec, Newfoundland, Minnesota, Colorado and NY. 
British Columbia. Naturalized from Europe. Native od 
also of Asia. July-Oct. Dindle. Gutweed. Swine-thistle. i i 
Tree sow-thistle. 
