GENUS 23. CHICORY FAMILY. 335 
1. Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook. Tall 
White Lettuce. Fig. 4110. 
Prenanthes altissima L. Sp. Pl. 797. 1753. 
N, altissimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 294. 1833. 
Glabrous, or sometimes hispidulous, not 
glaucous; stem slender, 3°-7° high, green, or 
sometimes purplish. Leaves thin, hastate, 
cordate, ovate, or the uppermost lanceolate, 
entire, denticulate, dentate or palmately lobed 
or divided, most of them long-petioled, the 
larger sometimes 6’ long; heads very numer- 
ous, in a narrow panicle, and often in axillary 
clusters, 5-7-flowered, pendulous, about 2” 
broad; inflorescence often narrow; involucre 
narrowly cylindric, 5”-6” long, about 1” thick, 
green, glabrous, its principal bracts about 5; 
flowers greenish or yellowish white; pappus 
light straw-color, or cinnamon-brown. 
In woods and thickets, Newfoundland to Mani- 
toba, Missouri, Georgia and Louisiana. Lion’s- 
foot. Rattlesnake-root. Ascends to 2500 ft. in 
the Catskills. Wild lettuce. Joy-leaf. Milk-weed. 
Bird-bell. Races differ in leaf-form, pubescence 
and in color of the pappus. July—Oct. 
U 
2. Nabalus albus (L.) Hook. Rattlesnake- 
root. White Lettuce. Fig. 4111. 
Prenanthes.alba L. Sp. Pl. 798. 1753. 
Nabalus albus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 294. 1833. 
Glabrous and glaucous; stem commonly purple, 
2°-5° high. Leaves hastate, ovate, cordate, den- 
ticulate, dentate, lobed,-or palmately divided, or 
the upper lanceolate, entire, thicker than those of 
the preceding species, the larger sometimes 8’ 
long; heads numerous, pendulous, 8-15-flowered, 
about 3” broad, paniculate, or thyrsoid, and often 
in axillary clusters; involucre glabrous, or with a 
few scattered hairs, glaucous, 5”’-7” high, about 
14” thick, its principal bracts about 8, purplish, 
with minute outer ones; flowers greenish or yel- 
lowish white, fragrant; pappus cinnamon-brown. 
In woods, Maine and Ontario to Manitoba, Sas- 
katchewan, Georgia, Kentucky, Wisconsin and North 
Dakota. Lion’s-foot. White cankerweed. Wild lettuce. 
Milk-weed. Joy-leaf. Cancer-weed. Aug.—Sept. 
3. Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh) Hook. Ne Af i \ y 
Lion’s-foot. Gall-of-the-Earth. Fig. 4112. Ars Has AVIA CN 
Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 499. pl. sce 
Maine craeieeTs Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 34: 95. 1825. 
Nabalus serpentarius Hook. Fl. Bor.Am.1: 294. 1833. 
Glabrous or sparingly pubescent, green; stem 
stout or slender, not glaucous, 1°-4° high. Leaves 
rather firm, similar to those of the preceding 
species, equally variable in outline, pinnatifid or 
pinnately lobed, palmately divided, or merely 
dentate, or entire; inflorescence paniculate, the 
branches divaricate, upcurved; heads numerous, 
about 3” broad, 8-12-flowered, pendulous, panicu- 
late, and commonly also in axillary clusters; in- 
volucre more or less bristly-hispid, rarely gla- 
brous, green or purplish, about 14” thick, 5’-7” 
long, its principal bracts about 8, shorter than the 
pappus, with several minute lanceolate outer ones; 
flowers whitish or cream-color, rarely yellow; : 
achenes about 3” long; pappus light brown or straw-color. 
